全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

Influencing Relaxation by a Low Intensity Transcranial Pulsed Magnetic Stimulation Applying the Entrainment Model

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105741, PP. 1-19

Subject Areas: Evolutionary Studies

Keywords: Magnetic Field Stimulation, Low Intensity rTMS, PEMF, Relaxation, Electrophysiological Parameters, VAS, Conditions of Clinical Trials

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

Relaxation is becoming increasingly important in modern stressful times. Besides special psychological practices or consuming pharmaceuticals, one can achieve a more relaxed state also by applying an appropriate magnetic field stimulation of the head (low-intensity rTMS). Following the entrain-ment model, we did the research using carefully chosen frequencies of modest MF intensity that followed the principles of clinical trials. Besides the situations of blind verum stimulation and the sham one, we tested also the situation that included expectations of the applied stimulation. The testing was done by electrophysiological methods and VAS. The results demonstrated an objective relaxing effect of MF stimulation, where drowsiness was not stimulated. This outcome is much more evident from electrophysiological data than from the VAS ones. From the latter results, we noticed even a slightly negative reaction to expectations.

Cite this paper

Jerman, I. , Dovc, P. and Ratajc, P. (2019). Influencing Relaxation by a Low Intensity Transcranial Pulsed Magnetic Stimulation Applying the Entrainment Model. Open Access Library Journal, 6, e5741. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105741.

References

[1]  Cruess, D.G., Antoni, M.H., Kumar, M. and Schneiderman, N. (2000) Reductions in Salivary Cortisol Are Associated with Mood Improvement during Relaxation Training among HIV-Seropositive Men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005419917023
[2]  Guzicki, J.A., Coates, T.J. and Goodwin, D.L. (1980) Reductions in Anxiety and Improvements in Teaching Associated with Cue-Controlled Relaxation Training. Journal of School Psychology, 18, 17-24.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405(80)90044-8
[3]  Zwanzger, P., Fallgatter, A.J., Zavorotnyy, M. and Padberg, F. (2009) Anxiolytic Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation—An Alternative Treatment Option in Anxiety Disorders? Journal of Neural Transmission, 116, 767-775.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-008-0162-0
[4]  Markov, M.S. (2007) Magnetic Field Therapy: A Review. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 26, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/15368370600925342
[5]  Meijer, D.K.F. and Geesink, J.H. (2019) Life and Consciousness are Guided by a Semi-Harmonic EM Background Field. NeuroQuantology, 17, 37-44.
https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2019.17.4.2074
[6]  Roberts, B.M., Clarke, A., Addante, R.J. and Ranganath, C. (2018) Entrainment Enhances Theta Oscillations and Improves Episodic Memory. Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/17588928.2018.1521386
[7]  Bell, G.B., Marino, A.A. and Chesson, A.L. (1994) Frequency-Specific Responses in the Human Brain Caused by Electromagnetic Fields. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 123, 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(94)90199-6
[8]  Cvetkovic, D. and Cosic, I. (2009) Alterations of Human Electroencephalographic Activity Caused by Multiple Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Exposures. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 47, 1063-1073.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0525-1
[9]  Thut, G., Veniero, D., Romei, V., Miniussi, C., Schyns, P. and Gross, J. (2011) Rhythmic TMS Causes Local Entrainment of Natural Oscillatory Signatures. Current Biology, 21, 1176-1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.049
[10]  Thut, G., Schyns, P. and Gross, J. (2011) Entrainment of Perceptually Relevant Brain Oscillations by Non-Invasive Rhythmic Stimulation of the Human Brain. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 170. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00170
[11]  Stodilka, R., et al. (2011) Pulsed Magnetic Field Exposure Induces Lasting Changes in Neural Network Dynamics. Neu-rocomputing, 74, 2164-2175.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2011.01.025
[12]  Dufor, T. (2017) Low Intensity rTMS to the Cerebellum: Age Dependent Effects and Mecha-nisms Underlying Neural Circuit Plasticity. Doctoral Dissertation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Paris.
[13]  Cook, C.M., Saucier, D.M., Thomas, A.W. and Prato, F.S. (2009) Changes in Human EEG Alpha Activity Following Exposure to Two Different Pulsed Magnetic Field Sequences. Bioelectromagnetics, 30, 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20434
[14]  Cook, C.M., Thomas, A.W., Keenliside, L. and Prato, F.S. (2005) Resting EEG Effects during Exposure to a Pulsed ELF Magnetic Field. Bioelectromagnetics, 26, 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20113
[15]  Ghione, S., Del Seppia, C., Mezzasalma, L. and Bonfiglio, L. (2005) Effects of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Fields on Electroencephalo-graphic Alpha Activity, Dental Pain Threshold and Cardiovascular Parameters in Hu-mans. Neuroscience Letters, 382, 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.02.072
[16]  Gao, X., Wang, X., Chen, F., Qi, H., Wang, X., Ming, D. and Zhou, P. (2014) Research on Brain Induced Effect by Extremely Low Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Stimulation. 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Chicago, IL, 26-30 August 2014, 2613-2616.
[17]  Pelka, R.B., Jaenicke, C. and Gruenwald, J. (2001) Impulse Magnetic-Field Therapy for Insomnia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Advances in Therapy, 18, 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02850111
[18]  Geesink, J.H. and Meijer, D.K.F. (2017) Electromagnetic Frequency Patterns that Are Crucial for Health and Disease Reveal a Generalized Biophysical Principle: The GM Scale. Quantum Biosystems, 8, 1-16.
[19]  INTERMAGNET (2019) International Real-Time Magnetic Observatory Network.
http://www.intermagnet.org/data-donnee/dataplot-eng.php?type=hdz
[20]  Jasper, H. (1958) Report of the Committee on Methods of Clinical Examination in Electroencephalography. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 10, 370-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(58)90053-1
[21]  Holm, S. (1979) A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 6, 65-70.
[22]  Heller, G.Z., Manuguerra, M. and Chow, R. (2016) How to Analyze the Visual Analogue Scale: Myths, Truths and Clinical Relevance. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 13, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.06.012
[23]  Wilhelmus, M.M., et al. (2017) Effects of a Single, Oral 60 mg Caffeine Dose on Attention in Healthy Adult Subjects. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 31, 222-232.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881116668593
[24]  1KA (2019) 1KA (Version 19.06.07) (Software). Faculty of Social Sciences, Ljubljana. https://www.1ka.si
[25]  Borchardt, A.R. and Zoccola, P.M. (2018) Recovery from Stress: An Experimental Examination of Focused Attention Meditation in Novices. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 41, 836-849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-018-9932-9
[26]  Nice, L.B., Rock, J.L. and Courtright, R.O. (1914) The Influence of Adrenaline on Respiration. American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content, 34, 326-331.
https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1914.34.3.326

Full-Text


Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133