This work presents novel hydrodynamic formulations that reconcile the continuum hypothesis with the emergence of electromagnetic interactions among molecules from fundamental principles. Two models are proposed: a relativistic version of the Navier-Stokes equations derived from commutation relations, and a Helmholtz-like system obtained by applying the Hodge operator to the extended Navier-Stokes equations. Preliminary analysis suggests that the second model, with its nonlinear terms serving as ...

Mathematical Analysis  Modern Physics 

Here we continue the discussion of the nature of elementary particles based on the theory of electrodynamics (generalized Maxwell equations [1]). As is noted in [1], such a theory should exist because photons partake in a variety of reactions in which they turn elementary particles into particles of other forms while having the property of being a quantum of an electromagnetic field. Unlike the widely accepted theory of point particles, we propose that particles are not “elementary” particles (...

Particle Physics  Modern Physics 

The observed angular distribution data of deuteron elastic and inelastic scattering from ⁵⁸Ni at 170 MeV, ^70,72Ge, ⁹⁰Zr, ¹¹⁶Sn at 171 MeV and ²⁰⁸Pb at 86 MeV are analyzed within the optical model framework. The real and imaginary parts of the optical potentials were calculated using the double folding procedure with a B3Y-Fetal effective interaction. The obtained potentials are fitted with appropriate Woods-Saxon form factors and introduced ...

Modern Physics 

This paper deals with the model of the evolution of the Universe proposed by Lemaitre: when the universe expands, the concentration of particles—galaxies declines, and when the universe contracts, the concentration of particles—galaxies increases. The solutions of the corresponding differential equations represent integrals from soliton functions satisfying the Euler-Lagrange equation. This means that the evolution of the universe, which occurs both with its expansion and contraction, is an opti...

Modern Physics 

It has to be noted that Albert Einstein used the extremal property of geodesic line when developing the general theory of relativity (GTR). In the following years, after the development of the GTR, it became known that the expression for a geodesic line can be replaced by the Euler-Lagrange equation. In the present work, the extremal property of the separatrix of a mathematical pendulum is used to develop a new approach to the general theory of relativity. The pendulum separatrix satisfies the E...

Classical Mechanics  Modern Physics 

In order to create a model for the formation of dark matter in the universe, the displacement equation is used for changing the state of an elastic medium in a linear approximation. A localized microparticle located in the pre-galactic space is characterized by a point inclusion defect, i.e. center of dilation. Dilation is modeled by using divergence. Attention is drawn to the relation, according to which the value of the Burgers vector is defined as the circulation of the displacement different...

Classical Physics  Modern Physics 

This work defined the concept of entropy for states of a quantum system and built a stochastic model of a dynamic closed quantum system. This paper also is considered new approaches to the concepts of statistics and spin of elementary particles.

Modern Physics  Quantum Mechanics 

Studies concerning induced heat transfer by the condensation in forced convection of a thin film of a saturated vapor in medium porous, have received particular attention because of their numerous applications in various fields of technology. Thus, the presence of a layer of porous material on a plane wall generates an increase in heat transfer compared with that observed for a flat plate, subject to the same aeraulic and thermal conditions. This prompted us, given the large field of application...

Fluid Mechanics  Modern Physics  Mechanics 

This paper introduces a new way to calculate gravity force from mass total energy, instead of from matter of mass. By introducing total energy (E1 and E2) of the two objects into Newton’s gravitational theory, Newton’s gravitational formula can be modified from F = GM₁M₂/r² as F = GE₁E₂/(C⁴r²). E₁ and E₂ are the total energy of the two objects and C is the light speed. Then this formula can be furt...

Classical Mechanics  Classical Physics  Modern Physics  Mechanics  Theoretical Physics 

In this paper, the optical properties of Lithium hydride (LiH), in rocksalt structure, with space group, Fm3m, in cubic (FCC) system, have been discussed. The theoretical background of the relation between the dielectric function, and, other optical constants has been examined. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function have also been scrutinized. The consequences of the exchange correlation potentials (GGA and GGA U) applied to the absorption peaks and edges of the compound have ...

Particle Physics  Applied Physics  Modern Physics