Rice is one
of the most important crops, providing staple food for about half population
of the world. Drought stress affects plant
growth and development seriously. This article reviewed the research progress
of the physiological and molecular biology mechanism including osmotic
adjustment, scavenging oxidative radicals, endogenous hormones, drought-resistance
genes and epigenetic modification, it may be afford interrelated reference for
increasing rice drought resistance and breeding drought
resistance rice varieties.
References
[1]
Fageria, N.K. (2003) Plant tissue test for determination of optimum concentration and uptake of nitrogen at different growth stages in low land rice. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 34, 259-270.
doi:10.1081/CSS-120017430
Belder, P., Spiertz, J.H.J., Bouman, B.A.M., Lu, G. and Tuong, T.P. (2005) Nitrogen economy and water productivity of lowland rice under water-saving irrigation. Field Crops Research, 93, 169-185.
doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2004.09.022
[4]
Jing, R.L. (2007) Advances of research on drought resistance and water use efficiency in crop plants. Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology, 9, 1-5.
[5]
Bais, H.P., Vepachedu, R. and Gilroy, S. (2003) Allelopathy and etotic plant invasion: From molecules and genes to species interaction. Science, 301, 1377-1380.
doi:10.1126/science.1083245
[6]
Rania, B.S. and Nabil, Z. (2010) Improved drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco overexpressing a novel A20/AN1 zinc-finger “AlSAP” gene isolated from the halophyte grass Aeluropus littoralis. Plant Molecular Biology, 72, 171-190.
doi:10.1007/s11103-009-9560-4
[7]
Cai, K.Z., Wu, X.Z. and Luo, S.M. (2008) Effects of water stress on osmolytes at different growth stages in rice leaves and roots. Journal of Plant Ecology, 32, 491-500.
[8]
Cabuslay, G.S., Ito, O. and Alejar, A.A. (2002) Physiological evaluation of responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to water deficit. Plant Science, 163, 815-827.
doi:10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00217-0
[9]
Li, D.Q., Zou, Q. and Cheng, B.S. (1992) Osmotic adjustment and osmotica of wheat cu|tivars with different drought resistance under soil drought. Acta Phytophysiologica Sinica, 18, 37-44.
[10]
Bianchi, G., Limiroli, R. and Pozzi, N. (1993) The unusual sugar composition in leaves of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia. Physiologia Plantarum, 87, 223-226. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb00146.x
[11]
Crowe, J.H. and Crowe, L.M. (1984) Preservation of membrances in anhydrobiotic organisms: The role of thehhslose. Science, 223, 701-703.
doi:10.1126/science.223.4637.701
[12]
Zonglie, H., Karuna, L., Zhang, Z.M. and Desh, P.S. (2000) Removal of Feedback inhibition of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase results in increased proline accumulation and protection of plants from osmotic stress. Plant Physiology, 122, 1129-1136.
doi:10.1104/pp.122.4.1129
[13]
Kemple, A.R. and Macpherson, H.T. (1954) Liberation of amino acid in perennial rye grass during wilting. Biochemistry, 58, 46-49.
[14]
Zaifnejad, M., Clark, R.B. and Sullivan, C.Y. (1997) Aluminum and water stress effects on growth and proline of Sorghum. Journal of Plant Physiology, 153, 338-344.
doi:10.1016/S0176-1617(97)80130-7
[15]
Carceller, M., Prystupa, P. and Lemcoff, J.H. (1999) Remobilization of proline and other nitrogen compounds from senescing leaves of maize under water stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 183, 61-66.
doi:10.1046/j.1439-037x.1999.00324.x
[16]
Alkaraki, G.N., Clark, R.B. and Sullivan, C.Y. (1996) Phosphorus nutrition and water stress effects on proline accumulation in sorghum and bean. Journal of Plant Physiology, 148, 745-751.
doi:10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80378-6
[17]
Delauney, A.J., Hu, C.A.A. and Kavi Kishor, P.B. (1993) “Cloning of ornithine delta-aminotransferase CDNA from vigna-aconitifolia by transcomplementation in Escherichia coli and regulation of proline biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268, 18673-18678.
[18]
Sheela, K.R and Alexallder, V.T. (1995) Physiological response of riee varieties as influenced by soil moisture and seed hardening India. Plant Physiology, 38, 269-271.
[19]
Wu, L.Q., Fan, Z.M. and Guo, L. (2005) Over-expression of the bacterial nhaa gene in rice enhances salt and drought tolerance. Plant Science, 168, 297-302.
doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.05.033
[20]
Storey, R., Ahmad, N. and Wyn Jones, R.G. (1977) “Taxonomic and ecological aspects of the distribution of glycine-betaine and related compounds in plants. Oecologia (Berl), 27, 319-332. doi:10.1007/BF00345565
[21]
Foyer, C.H. and Noctor, G. (2000) Oxygen processing in photosynthesis: Regulation and signaling. New Phytologist, 146, 359-388.
[22]
Porcel, R., Barea, J.M. and Ruiz-Lozano, J.M. (2003) Antioxidant activities in mycorrhizal soybean plants under drought stress and their possible relationship to the process of nodule senescence. New Phytologist, 135-143.
doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00658.x
[23]
Foyer, C.H., Descourvieres, P. and Kunert, K.J. (1994) Protection against oxygen radicals: An important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants. 17, Plant Cell and Environment, 507-523.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00146.x
[24]
Smirnoff, N. (1998) Plant resistance to environmental stress. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 9, 214-219.
doi:10.1016/S0958-1669(98)80118-3
[25]
Reddya, A.R., Chaitanyaa, K.V. and Vivekanandanb, M. (2004) Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 1189-1202.
doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2004.01.013
[26]
Prasad, T.K. (1993) Role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and dessication. New Phytologist, 125, 27-58. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03863.x
[27]
Shao, H.B., Liang, Z.S., Shao, M.A. and Wang, B.C. (2005) Changes of antioxidative enzymes and membrane peroxidation for soil water deficits among 10 wheat genotypes at seedling stage. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 42, 19-25.
[28]
Seel, W.E. and Hendry, G.A. (1992) Effect of desiccations on some activated oxygen processing enzymes and anti-oxidants in mosses. Journal of Experimental Botany, 43, 1031-1037.
[29]
Scandaliol, J.G. (1993) Oxygen stress and super oxide dimutases. Plant Physiology, 101, 7-12.
[30]
Sun, Y.Y., Sun, Y.J., Wang, M.T., Li, X.Y., Guo, X., Hu, R. and Ma, J. (2010) Effects of seed priming on germination and seedling growth of rice under water stress. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 36, 1931-1940.
doi:10.1016/S1875-2780(09)60085-7
[31]
Wu, X.Z., Cai, Z.K. and Luo, S.M. (2008) Effects of soil drying at heading stage on physiological characteristics in root and leaf of rice. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 24, 202-207.
[32]
Yin, Y.Q., Hu, J.B. and Deng, M.J. (2007) Latest development of antioxidant system and responses to stress in plant leaves. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 23, 105-110.
[33]
Shao, H.B., Chu, L.Y., Shao, M.A., Jaleel, C.A. and Mi, H.M. (2008) Higher plant antioxidants and redox signaling under environmental stresses. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331, 433-441. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.03.011
[34]
Santner, A., Calderon-Villalobos, L.I.A. and Estelle, M. (2009) Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth. Nature Chemical Biology, 5, 301-307.
doi:10.1038/nchembio.165
[35]
Wolters, H. and Gurgens, J. (2009) Survival of the flexible: Hormonal growth control and adaptation in plant development. Nature Reviews Genetics, 10, 305-317.
doi:10.1038/nrg2558
[36]
Yin, Z.M., Hennig, J. and Szwacka, M. (2004) Tobacco PR-2D promoter is induced in transgenic cucumber in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 621-629. doi:10.1078/0176-1617-00737
[37]
Hieng, B., Ugrinovic, K. and Sustar-Vozlic, J. (2004) Different classes of proteases are involved in the response to drought of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivars differing in sensitivity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 519-530.
doi:10.1078/0176-1617-00956
[38]
Wu, G.H., Robertson, A. and Liu, X.J. (2004) A lipid transfer protein gene BG-14 is differentially regulated by abiotic stress, ABA, anisomycin, and sphingosine in bromegrass (Bromus inermis). Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 449-458. doi:10.1078/0176-1617-01259
[39]
Serna, L. (2005) A network of interacting factors triggering different cell fates. Plant Cell, 16, 2258-2263.
doi:10.1105/tpc.104.160931
[40]
Larkindale, J. and Huang, B.R. (2004) Thermotolerance and antioxidant systems in Agrostis stolonifera: Involvement of salicylic acid, abscisic acid, calcium, hydrogen peroxide, and ethylene. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161, 405-413. doi:10.1078/0176-1617-01239
[41]
Davies, W.J. and Zhang, J. (1991) Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of plants in drying soil. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 42, 55-76.
doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.42.060191.000415
[42]
Wrigh, S.T.C. and Hiron, R.W.P (1969) (+)-Abscisic acid, the growth inhibitor induced in detached wheat leaves by a period of wilting. Natrue, 224, 719-720.
doi:10.1038/224719a0
[43]
Jackson, M.B. (1993) A replant homones in volved in the root to shoot communication. Advances in Botanical Research, 85, 183-187.
[44]
Chen, X.H., Liu, K., Xi, L.L., Wang, Z.Q. and Yang, J.C. (2005) Effects of soil moisture and nitrogen on abscisic acid and cytokinin contents in the above ground plant parts of rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 31, 1406-1414.
[45]
Chen, Y.M. and Yu, S.W. (1988) Effects of ethylene release and content of ACC and MACC in drought stressses of different modes to wheat. Plant Physiology Journal, 14, 281-288.
[46]
Chen, J., Wan, J., Gao, X.L., Jiang, H. and Wang, P.R. (2006) Study on drought resistance physiology and drought resistance genes of rice. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 22, 56-60.
[47]
Yang, J.C., Liu, K., Zhang, S.F., Wang, X.M., Wang, Z.Q. and Liu, L.J. (2008) Hormones in rice spikelets in responses to water stress during meiosis. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 34, 111-118.
doi:10.1016/S1875-2780(08)60005-X
[48]
Singh, J., Nakamum S. and Ota, Y. (1993) Effect of epi-brassi-nolide on gram (Cicer arietinum) plant grown under water stress in juvenilstage. Indian Journal of a cultural Science, 1993, 63, 395-401
[49]
Kairam, S.R. (1994) Effect of homobrassinilide application on plant metalolism and grain yield under irrigated and moisture stress conditions of two wheat varieties. Plant Growth Regulation, 14, 173-179.
doi:10.1007/BF00025220
[50]
Moons, A., Prinsen, E. and Bauw, G. (1997) Antagonistic effects of abscisic acid and jasmonates on salt stress-inducible transcripts in rice roots. The Plant Cell, 9, 2243-2259.
[51]
Gao, X.P., Wang, X.F. and Lu, Y.F. (2004) Jasmonic acid is involved in the water-stress-induced betaine accumulation in pear leaves. Plant Cell and Environment, 27, 497-507. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01167.x
[52]
Gonzaliez, A., Tiznado, H.M. and Zavaleta, G.R. (2004) Methyl jasmonate treatments reduce chilling injury and activate the defense response of guava fruits. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 313, 694-701. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.165
[53]
Thaler, J.S., Owen, B. and Higgns, V.J. (2004) The role of the jasmonate response in plant susceptibility to diverse pathogens with a range of lifestyles. Plant Physiology, 135, 530-538.
[54]
Creelm, R.A. and Mulent, J.E. (1995) Jasmonic acid distribution and action in plants: Regulation during development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 92, 4114-4119.
[55]
Muhammad, F., Abdul, W. and Lee, D.J. (2009) Exogenously applied polyamines increase drought tolerance of rice by improving leaf water status, photosynthesis and membrane properties. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31, 937-945. doi:10.1007/s11738-009-0307-2
[56]
Wu, G., Wang, X.L., Li, X.B., Kamiya, Y., Otegui, M.S. and Joanne, C. (2011) Methylation of a phosphatase specifies dephosphorylation and degradation of activated brassinosteroid receptors. Science, 4, 29.
[57]
Shinozaki, K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. (2000) Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: Differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 3, 217-223.
[58]
Holmberg, N. (1998) Improving stress tolerance in plants by gene transfer. Trends in Plant Science, 3, 1361-1366.
doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(97)01163-1
[59]
Zhao, F.Y. and Xu, Z.J. (2009) Physiological changes of transgenic rice under drought and heat stress. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 29, 240-248.
[60]
Garg, A.K., Kim, J.K. and Owens, T.G. (2002) Trehalose accumulation in riceplants confershightolerance levelsto different abiotic stresses. Proceedings of National Academy of Science of USA, 99, 15898-15903.
doi:10.1073/pnas.252637799
[61]
Jang, I.C., Oh, S.J. and Seo, J.S. (2003) Expression of a bifunctional fusion of the Escherichia coli genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in transgenic rice plants increases trehalose accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance without stunting growth. Plant Physiology, 131, 516-524.
doi:10.1104/pp.007237
[62]
Zhang, S.-W., Li, C.-H., Cao. J., et al. (2009) Altered architecture and enhanced drought tolerance in rice via the down-regulation of indole-3-acetic acid by TLD1/ OsGH3.13 activation. Plant Physiology, 151, 1889-1901.
doi:10.1104/pp.109.146803
[63]
Hou, X., Xie, K.B., Yao, J.L., Qi, Z.Y. and Xiong, L.Z. (2009) A homolog of human ski-interacting protein in rice positively regulates cell viability and stress tolerance. Proceedings of National Academy of Science of USA, 106, 6410-6415.
[64]
Huang, X.Y., Chao, D.Y., Gao, J.P., Zhu, M.Z., Shi, M. and Lin, H.X. (2009) A previously unknown zinc finger protein, DST, regulates drought and salt tolerance in rice via stomatal aperture control. Genes & Development, 23, 1805-1817.
[65]
Wu, C.T. and Morris, J.R. (2001) Genes, genetics and epigenetics: A correspondence. Science, 293, 1103-1105.
doi:10.1126/science.293.5532.1103
[66]
Bird, A.P. (1986) CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature, 321, 209-212.
doi:10.1038/321209a0
[67]
Finnegan, E.J., Bretell, R.I. and Dennis, E.S. (1993) The role of DNA methylation in the regulation of plant gene expression. In: Jost, J.P. and Saluz, H.P., Eds., DNA Methylation: Molecular Biology and Biological Significance, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 218-261.
[68]
Wada, Y., Miyamoto, K., Kusano, T. and Sano, H. (2004) Association between up-regulation of stress-responsive genes and hypomethylation ofgenomic DNA intobaccoplants. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 271, 658-666. doi:10.1007/s00438-004-1018-4
[69]
Pan, Y.J., Fu, B.Y., Wang, D., Zhu, L.H. and Li, Z.K. (2009) Spatial and temporal profiling of DNA methylation induced by drought stress in rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 42, 3009-3018.
[70]
Luo, L.J. (2010) Breeding for water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) in China. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 3509-3517. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq185
[71]
Elizabet, P. (2008) The blue revolution, drop by drop, gene by gene. Science, 320, 171-173.
