The advances in localization based technologies and the increasing importance of ubiquitous computing and context-dependent information have led to a growing business interest in location-based applications and services. Today, most application requirements are locating or real-time tracking of physical belongings inside buildings accurately; thus, the demand for indoor localization services has become a key prerequisite in some markets. Moreover, indoor localization technologies address the inadequacy of global positioning system inside a closed environment, like buildings. Based on this, though, this paper aims to provide the reader with a review of the recent advances in wireless indoor localization techniques and system to deliver a better understanding of state-of-the-art technologies and motivate new research efforts in this promising field. For this purpose, existing wireless localization position system and location estimation schemes are reviewed, as we also compare the related techniques and systems along with a conclusion and future trends. 1. Introduction Location based services (LBSs) [1] are a significant permissive technology and becoming a vital part of life. In this era, especially in wireless communication networks, LBS broadly exists from the short-range communication to the long-range telecommunication networks. LBS refers to the applications that depend on a user’s location to provide services in various categories including navigation, tracking, healthcare, and billing. However, its demand is increasing with new ideas with the advances in the mobile phone market. The core of the LBSs is positioning technologies to find the motion activity of the mobile client. After detection, we pass these statistics to the mobile client on the move at the right time and the right location. So, the positioning technologies have a major influence on the performance, reliability, and privacy of LBSs, systems, and applications [2]. The basic components of LBS are software application (provided by the provider), communication network (mobile network), a content provider, a positioning device, and the end user’s mobile device. There are several ways to find the location of a mobile client indoors and outdoors. The most popular technology outdoors is global positioning system (GPS) [1]. Location finding refers to a process of obtaining location information of a mobile client (MC) with respect to a set of reference positions within a predefined space. In the literature, many terms are used for location finding like position location, geolocation,
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