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冰川冻土  2013 

青海羌塘盆地近期湖泊扩张特征及成因

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2013.0140, PP. 1237-1247

Keywords: 湖泊,水域面积,扩张,成因

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Abstract:

选取青海羌塘盆地1976-2010年5期遥感影像,解译了该区域面积大于1km2以上的67个湖泊面积.结果表明1976-1994年,研究区大部分湖泊呈萎缩状态,湖泊面积萎缩了446.8km2,萎缩幅度为12.5%;1994-2001年,湖泊面积由3132.6km2增加到3395.2km2,至2007年和2010年,湖泊持续扩张,面积分别达到3641.7km2和3836.2km2,其中2010年的湖泊面积较1994年增加了22.5%,甚至超过了1976年,2007-2010年期间湖泊扩张强度最大.同时,分析了研究区1959-2010年的气候水文变化,结果显示年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,年蒸发量在1959-1980年呈下降趋势,以后趋于稳定,年降水量、年径流量在1998-1999年间出现了突变上升.湖泊面积对气候、水文的响应关系表明,近期的湖泊扩张主要由降水、径流偏丰引起,与气温上升以及蒸发变化的关系并不显著,气温上升导致冰川退缩所增加的水量对近期湖泊扩张影响较小.与青海湖、黄河源等地相比,青海羌塘盆地近期气候、水文、湖泊面积发生转折的时间要提前7a左右.

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