全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
测绘学报  2015 

地图要素图形冲突处理方法——以线状要素(道路、水系和境界)为例

DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140129, PP. 563-569

Keywords: 图式表达,地理数据库,快速制图,图面冲突

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

按照目前的专业制图规范对地图表达的质量要求,计算机制图原理和技术无法避免制图过程中需要大量人工处理地图要素图形冲突的工作。这种由于数据模型间(数字地理景观模型与数字制图模型间)的差别而产生的技术难题一直是实现快速制图的瓶颈。本文基于“先处理、后符号化”的策略,通过分析引起图形冲突的形式以及地图制图规范对冲突处理的要求,提出了针对图形重叠和图形衔接两类图形冲突处理的基本操作,即将对地图要素(地理要素符号化)的图形处理转变为对地理要素本身的处理,从而减少了后期图形冲突处理的工作量;基于这些基本操作,以地形图制图中产生大量冲突处理的道路、水系和境界要素类型为例,说明如何综合利用这些基本操作,实现对图面冲突自动处理的方法;最后,两幅实际地形图数据试验表明本操作可以提高制图效率。

References

[1]  ZHAO Fei, DU Qingyun, PENG Zifeng, et al. Interactive Model for Web Thematic Cartography: A Indicator-driven and Task Flow-centered Approach [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(5): 655-661. (赵飞, 杜清运, 彭子风, 等. 指标驱动下以任务流为中心的在线交互制图模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40(5): 655-661.)
[2]  MULLER W, SEYFERT E. Quality Assurance for 2. 5-D Building Data of the ATKIS DLM 25/2[C]//ISPRSCommission IV Symposium: GIS——between Visions and Applications. Stuttgart, Germany: [s.n.], 1998: 411-416.
[3]  GAO Jun. Visualization in Geo-Spatial Data[J]. Engineering of Surveying and Mapping, 2003, 9(3): 1-7. (高俊. 地理空间数据的可视化[J]. 测绘工程, 2000, 9(3): 1-7.)
[4]  HARDY P, BRIAT M O, EICHER C, et al. Database-driven Cartography from a Digital Landscape Model, with Multiple Representation and Human Overrides[C]//ICA Workshop on “Generalization and Multiple Representation”. Leicester, UK: [s.n.], 2004.
[5]  WANG Jiayao. The Achievement and Mission of Modern Map Science and Geographic Information Engineering Science and Technology[J]. Journal of Institute of Surveying and Mapping, 2004, 21(4): 235-240. (王家耀. 现代地图科学与地理信息工程科学技术的成就和任务[J]. 测绘学院学报, 2004, 21(4): 235-240.)
[6]  BUCKLEY A, HARDY P. Cartographic Software Capabilities and Data Requirements: Current Status and a Look toward the Future[J]. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 2007, 34(2): 155-157.
[7]  PUNT E M, JENSEN R, HAEDY P, et al. Cartography: from Drawing to Database (Technology Facilitates Traditional Styles)[C]//Proceedings of GeoTec 2006. Vancouver,WA: [s.n.], 2006: 18-21.
[8]  LI Lin, ZHU Haihong, HE Biao, et al. Cartographic Model for Topographic Maps Based on Algebraic Structure[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2011, 40(3): 373-378, 385. (李霖, 朱海红, 贺彪, 等. 基于代数结构的地形图制图模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2011, 40(3): 373-378, 385.)
[9]  BUCKLEY A, BUTTENFIELD B, FRYE C, et al. An Information Model for Maps: Towards Cartographic Production from GIS Databases[C/OL]. [2010-02-11]. http://www.cartogis.org/autocartoarchive/autocartopa-pers-2005.
[10]  GB/T 20257. 2—2006. Cartographic Symbols for National Fundamental Scale Maps-Part 2: Specifications for Cartographic Symbols1:5 000 & 110 000 Topographic Maps[S]. Beijing: Chinese Standard Press, 2006. (GB/T 20257. 2—2006. 国家基本比例尺地图图式第 2 部分: 1: 5 000 1: 10 000 地形图图式[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2006.
[11]  WU Fang, HOU Xuan, QIAN Haizhong, et al. A Model for Road Network Displacement in Automated Map Generalization [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2005, 34(3): 262-268. (武芳, 侯璇, 钱海忠, 等. 自动制图综合中的线目标位移模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2005, 34(3): 262-268.)
[12]  CAO Yani, JIANG Nan, ZHANG Yajun, et al. Constitution Variables and Generation Modes of Electronic Map Symbols [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2012, 41(5): 784-790. (曹亚妮, 江南, 张亚军, 等. 电子地图符号构成变量及其生成模式[J]. 测绘学报, 2012, 41(5): 784-790.)
[13]  RUAS A. A Method for Building Displacement in Automated Map Generalization[J]. International Journal of Geographic Information Science, 1998, 12(8): 789-803.
[14]  BADER M. Energy Minimization Methods for Feature Displacement in Map Generalization[D]. Zurich: University of Zurich, 2001.
[15]  WU Feng, HOU Xuan, QIAN Haizhong, et al. A Model for Road Network Displacement in Automated Map Generalization[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2005, 34(3): 262-268. (武芳, 侯璇, 钱海忠, 等. 自动制图综合中的线目标位移模型[J]. 测绘学报, 2005, 34(3): 262-268.)
[16]  CAO Yuan, Technology on Automatic Recognition and Resolution of Spatial Conflict in Cartography [D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2010. (曹原. 地图制图中符号冲突的自动识别与处理技术[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2010.)
[17]  YU Haichong, ZHU Haihong, LI Lin, et al. Automatic Drawing of Transport Networks Based on Topography Databases[J]. Journal of Geomatics, 2006, 31(3): 45-47. (余海冲, 朱海红, 李霖, 等. 地形图交通网要素的自动绘制[J]. 测绘信息与工程, 2006, 31(3): 45-47.)
[18]  WANG Hong, LI Lin, ZHANG Xiaotong, et al. Handling of Relationship between Residents and Roads in Digital Cartography[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University: Natural Science, 2010, 29(1): 40-43. (王红, 李霖, 张晓通, 等. 数字地图制图中居民地和道路关系处理[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 29(1): 40-43.)
[19]  YANG Yong, LI Lin, WANG Hong, et al. Research on Boundary Jump-drawing in Mapping Software [J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping 2007, 32(2): 49-50, 56, 178. (杨勇, 李霖, 王红, 等. 地图制图软件中境界跳绘技术研究[J]. 测绘科学, 2007, 32(2): 49-50, 56, 178.)
[20]  FIELD K. Editorial: A Cacophony of Cartography[J]. The Cartographic Journal, 2014, 51(1): 1-10.
[21]  FRYE C. A Product-driven Approach to Designing a Multi-purpose, Multi-scale GIS Base Map Database that Supports High-quality Mapping[C/OL]. [2010-02-12]. http://www.cartogis.org/autocartoarchive/autocartopa-pers-2006.
[22]  STOTER J E, MORALES J M, LEMMENS R L G, et al. A Data Model for Multi-scale Topographical Data[C]//Headway in Spatial Data Handling: 13th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Berlin: Springer, 2008: 233-255.
[23]  HARDY P. High-quality Cartography in a Commodity GIS: Experiences in Development and Deployment[C]//ICA Symposium on Cartography for Central and Eastern Europe. Vienna: [s.n.], 2009.
[24]  GRUNREICH D, POWITZ B, SCHMIDT C. Research and Development in Computer-assisted Generalization of Topographic Information at the Institute of Cartography, Hanover University[C]//Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Geographical Information Systems. Munich, Germany: [s.n.], 1992, 2: 532-541.
[25]  NASG.About Major Tusks of NASG in Year 2012[EB/OL].[2012-01-06].http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/article/tzgg/201201/20120100096541.shtml.(国家测绘地理信息局. 关于印发 2012 年测绘地理信息工作要点的通知[EB/OL]. [2012-01-06]. http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/article/tzgg/201201/20120100096541.shtml.)
[26]  LIU Jiping. Handling of Features' Relationships in the Process of the Graphic Output of Cartographic Data Base [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 1994, 23(3): 222-228. (刘纪平. 地图数据库图形输出中要素关系处理[J]. 测绘学报, 1994, 23(3): 222-228.)
[27]  WU Xiaofang, DU Qingyun, HU Yueming, et al. Disposal of Spatial Conflict between the Roads Networks Based on Improved Snake Model [J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2008, 37(2): 223-229. (吴小芳, 杜清运, 胡月明, 等. 基于改进Snake模型的道路网空间冲突处理[J]. 测绘学报, 2008, 37(2): 223-229.)
[28]  GRIFFIN A L, FABRIKANT S I. More Maps, More Users, More Devices Means More Cartographic Challenges[J]. Cartographic Journal, 2012, 49(4): 298-301.

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413