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高原气象  2012 

内蒙古科尔沁沙地起沙近地层动力学阈值的试验研究

, PP. 38-46

Keywords: 科尔沁沙地,沙尘天气,起沙,临界起沙摩擦速度,微气象学

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Abstract:

利用内蒙古科尔沁沙地沙尘暴探测与监测试验站2008年和2009年春季沙尘和近地层观测资料,研究了不同沙尘天气条件下沙尘浓度随摩擦速度的变化规律,对比分析了不同天气(晴天、扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴)入射短波辐射和净辐射的演变,并利用两层高度沙尘浓度差,区分局地起沙和非局地起沙,有效地避免了沙尘水平输送引起的起沙阈值的低估。结果表明,起沙前,摩擦速度和沙尘浓度数值都较低;临近起沙阶段,摩擦速度迅速增大而沙尘浓度基本保持不变;起沙时,摩擦速度数值较高,沙尘浓度迅速增大;沙尘天气减弱阶段,沙尘浓度随摩擦速度近似呈线性减小。科尔沁沙地春季临界起沙摩擦速度u*t和临界起沙风速ut分别为0.62m·s-1和9.5m·s-1,扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴天气的起沙阈值依次略有增加。与晴天天气相比,沙尘天气到达地面的短波辐射和净辐射明显减少。

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