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科学通报  2014 

南京持续雾霾天气中亚微米细颗粒物化学组分及光学性质

DOI: 10.1360/972013-1098, PP. 1955-1966

Keywords: 雾霾,ACSM,PM1化学组成,有机气溶胶,PMF,光学性质

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Abstract:

2013年1月,我国中东部地区发生持续性雾霾污染事件.本研究利用Aerodyne气溶胶化学组分监测仪(ACSM)对南京地区非难熔性亚微米细颗粒物(NR-PM1)化学组分(包括有机物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐和氯化物)进行实时在线连续监测,结合光声气溶胶消光仪(PAX)表征大气颗粒物的消光性质和黑碳测量仪(Aethalometer)测定黑碳(BC)的浓度.观测期间,有机物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、铵盐、氯化物和BC对PM1(NR-PM1+BC)的贡献分别为32.3%,26.0%,17.9%,13.2%,2.8%和7.8%.利用正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)解析出3类有机气溶胶烃类有机气溶胶(HOA)、半挥发低氧化态有机气溶胶(SV-OOA)和低挥发高氧化态有机气溶胶(LV-OOA),三者平均浓度分别占总有机气溶胶的27.4%,32.2%和40.4%.可见观测期间二次组分是PM1的主体部分.受本地晚间餐饮源和机动车排放高峰的影响,HOA在晚间时段急剧增加,导致观测期间有机物出现剧烈的变化特征.整体而言,二次气溶胶(硫酸盐、硝酸盐、SV-OOA和LV-OOA)的质量浓度、总质量分数和气溶胶单次散射反照率分别随相对湿度(RH)的增加而升高,表明RH的增加有利于二次气溶胶的不断形成.另外,大气能见度随RH的增加而降低,也随二次组分含量的增加而降低,说明RH与PM1中二次组分对雾霾期间大气能见度产生协同影响.

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