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科学通报  2012 

潮滩动力过程影响下扩散边界层和沉积物-水界面扩散通量的变化

, PP. 656-665

Keywords: 扩散边界层,扩散通量,动力过程,溶解氧,微尺度剖面仪,潮滩

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Abstract:

扩散边界层(DBL)控制了沉积物和上覆水间物质的交换,在潮流底边界层(BBL)的动力过程影响下,海洋DBL的厚度变化很大,溶解物质的扩散通量也有很大变化.因此探究影响DBL厚度和扩散通量变化的动力机制是准确估算扩散通量的关键前提,对近海水体营养盐补充和环境二次污染等问题的准确估计有重要意义.利用微尺度剖面仪和高频流速仪等对BBL的动力结构和DBL进行了联合观测.运用线性分布、剖面拐点和浓度方差法较准确地判识了DBL厚度.分别从水体和沉积物一侧计算了扩散通量,两者相差不超过6%.使用PROFILE模式对溶解氧剖面进行了精确模拟,获得了分层的单位体积耗氧速率.结果显示DBL厚度(0.10~0.35mm)和扩散通量(15.4~53.6mmolm-2d-1)在一个潮周期内均变化了3.5倍.通过进一步分析动力强迫对DBL厚度和扩散通量的影响,发现在平均流速控制DBL厚度占优的潮滩系统中,DBL厚度δDBL和平均流速大小U成反比,通过拟合得到了两者的关系式δDBL=1686.1DU-1+0.1(其中D为分子扩散系数).扩散通量的变化分阶段受到了沉积物上覆海水和湍流混合强度变化的影响.在主要受湍流混合影响的阶段,扩散通量和湍动能耗散率、摩擦速度和湍动能的变化都有一定的正相关关系.

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