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灾害风险基本定义的探讨

, PP. 8-16

Keywords: 风险,定义,概率,情景,灾害

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Abstract:

近年来,各种灾难给人类造成的损失急剧上升,人类的减灾观念正从灾后的反应转变为灾前防御,灾害风险管理被提上了议事日程。然而,什么是风险?什么是灾害风险?目前仍然是众说纷纭,莫衷一是。指出了国际上较有影响的18个灾害风险定义的不足之处,进一步阐述了作者早年提出的以情景为基础的风险定义,进而给出了自然灾害风险的基本定义,并根据下定义时必须遵循的4条规则,将它与联合国开发计划署建议的定义进行了比较,说明本文给出的基本定义较为合理。

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