Boccippio D J,Cummins K L,Chiristian H J,Combined satellite-and surface-based estimation of the intracloudcloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the continental United States,Monthly Weather Review,2001.
[2]
曹治强.李万彪 两个中尺度对流系统的降水结构和闪电特征 [J].-气象学报2005(2)
[3]
Carey L D,Rutledge S A,A multiparameter radar case study of the microphysical and kinematic evolution of a lightning producing storm,Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1996.
[4]
Carey L D,Rutledge S A,The relationship between precipitation and lightning in tropical island convection:A C-band polarimetric radar study,Mort Wea Rev,2000.
[5]
Carey L D,Murphy M J,McCormick T L,Lightning location relative to storm structure in a leading-line,trailing-stratiform mesoscale convective system,J Geophys Reg,2005.
[6]
Deierling W,Latham J,Petersen W A,On the relationship of thunderstorm ice hydrometeor characteristics and total lightning measurements,Atmospheric Research,2005.
[7]
Dotzek N,Rabin R M,Carey L D,Lightning activity related to satellite and radar observations of a mesoscale convective system over Texas on 7-8 April 2002,Atmospheric Research,2005.
[8]
Ely B L,Orville R E,Carey L D,Evolution of the total lightning structure in a leading-line,trailing-stratiform mesoscale convective system over Houston,Texag,Journal of Geophysical Research,2008.
[9]
Fehr T,Dotzek N,HOller H,Comparison of lightning activity and radar-retrieved microphysieal properties in EULINOX storms,Atmospheric Research,2005.
Houze R A Jr,Biggerstaff M I,Rutledge S A,Interpretation of Doppler weather-radar displays of midlatitude mesoscale convective systems,Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,1989.
[14]
Lang T J,Miller L J,Weisman M,The severe thunderstorm electrification and precipitation study,Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2004.
马明.陶善昌.祝宝友.吕伟涛 1997/1998 El Ni(n)o期间中国南部闪电活动的异常特征 [J].-中国科学D辑2004(9)
[19]
MacGorman D R,Rust W D,The Electrical Nature of Storms,New York:Oxford Univeristy Press,1998.
[20]
Mohr K I,Toracinta R,Zipser E J,A comparison of WSR-88D reflectivities,SSM/I brightness temperatures,and lightning for mesoscale convective systems in Texas Part Ⅱ SSM/I brightness temperatures and lightning,Journal of Applied Meteorology,1996.
[21]
Orville R E,Henderson R W,Bosart L F,Bipole patterns revealed by lightning locations in mesoscate storm systems,Geophysical Research Letters,1988.
[22]
Petersen W A,Rutledge S A,Regional variability in tropical convection:Observations from TRMM,Journal of Climate,2001.
[23]
Petersen W A,Christian H J,Rutledge S A,TRMM observations of the global relationship between ice water content and lightning,Geophysical Research Letters,2005.
[24]
郄秀书.周筠珺.袁铁 卫星观测到的全球闪电活动及其地域差异 [J].-地球物理学报2003(6)
[25]
Qie X,Toumi R,Yuan T,Lightning activities on the Tibetan Plateau as observed by the lightning imaging sensor,Journal of Geophysical Research,2003(D17).
[26]
Saunders C P R,Keith W D,Mitzeva R P,The effect of liquid water on thunderstorm charging,Journal of Geophysical Research,1991(D6).
[27]
Seity Y,Soula S,Tabary P,The convective storm system during IOP 2a of MAP:Cloud-to-ground lightning flash production in relation to dynamics and microphysics,Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2003.
[28]
Szoke E J,Zipser E J,Jorgensen D P,A radar study of convective cells in mesoscale systems in GATE Part Ⅰ:Vertical profile statistics and comparison with hurricanes,Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1986.
[29]
Gauthier M L,Petersen W A,Carey L D,Relationship between cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation ice mass:A radar study over Houston,Geophysical Research Letters,2006.
[30]
Soriano L R,de Pablo F,Totat flash density and the intracloud/cloud-to-ground lightning ratio over the Iberian Peninsula,Journal of Geophysical Research,2007.
[31]
Spencer R W,Goodman H M,Hood R E,Precipitation retrieval over land and ocean with the SSM/I:Identification and characteristics of the scattering signal,Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,1989.
[32]
Sun Tingkai,Tan Zhemin,Numerical simulation study for the structure and evolution of tropical squall line,Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2001(1).
[33]
Takahashi T,Riming electrification as a charge generation mechanism in thunderstorms,Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1978.
[34]
Toracinta E R,Mohr K I,Zipser E J,A comparison of WSR-88D reflectivities,SSM/I brightness temperatures,and lightning for MCSs in Texas Part Ⅰ:Radar reflectivity and lightning,Journal of Applied Meteorology,1996.
[35]
Toracinta E R,Zipser E J,Lightning and SSM/I-ice-scattering mesoscale convective systems in the global tropics,Journal of Applied Meteorology,2001.
Zipser E J,Lutz K R,The vertical profile of radar reflectivity of convective cells:A strong indicator of storm intensity and lightning probability?,Monthly Weather Review,1994.