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大气科学  2007 

梅雨期暴雨个例模拟及其中小尺度结构特征分析研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2007.01.01

Keywords: 梅雨,中尺度对流系统,雷达回波,数值模拟

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Abstract:

利用中尺度数值模式MM5和多普勒雷达观测资料,对2002年7月22~23日发生在长江中游一次梅雨暴雨过程进行模拟和分析。模拟结果与观测资料相比基本吻合。主要研究内容包括暴雨过程α中尺度到γ中尺度的回波结构以及动力特征和云降水粒子的分布。研究结果表明:在长江中游地区存在一条东北西南走向低空切变线,切变线北侧偏东气流中回波较弱,而南侧西南气流中不断出现强对流云团发生发展、合并分裂现象,形成沿着切变线分布的α中尺度对流带。对流带中有多个东北西南向的β中尺度波列,这些波列由从西南向东北方向移动的γ中尺度回波所构成。新回波大多产生在老回波的后部。γ中尺度回波具有相应尺度的气流辐合辐散结构。各种云降水粒子与动力场相互配合,上升运动位置和强弱决定云水的位置和强弱。云发展初期降雨首先产生于低层,以暖雨过程为主,成熟期云中冰相粒子对降水非常重要。强回波区的降水会在近地面产生出流。在西南气流中,远离切变线的回波移速大于靠近切变线的回波,容易产生回波合并;强回波由于降水而产生下沉和辐散气流,易导致回波分裂。

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