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大气科学  2008 

夏季欧亚中高纬环流持续异常事件的Rossby波传播特征

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.03.17

Keywords: Rossby波,持续异常,波导

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Abstract:

利用西风波导结构以及波作用通量,探讨了夏季欧亚一类中高纬持续异常环流所对应的Rossby波的能量频散特征。中高纬度对流层上层存在结构较为复杂的弱波导,Rossby波能量频散过程基本上与该弱波导结构一致。Rossby波传播特征在不同时期以及两种环流型(E型和C型)之间存在显著差异:(1)在梅雨前期,与E型环流对应,Rossby波从南欧气旋式异常环流中心传播到乌拉尔山正高度异常中心,并且波作用通量在乌拉尔山西侧辐合,形成该地区正高度异常环流。乌拉尔山持续异常中心东侧重新激发出Rossby波,并传播至贝加尔湖和鄂霍次克海地区,维持对应的异常环流。与C型异常环流对应,Rossby波活动非常活跃。该型三个活动中心呈现高纬-中纬-高纬的分布特征,这与波导结构密切相关。(2)在梅雨期,Rossby波的传播对两类持续异常环流的作用更加明显,其传播路径基本上在处于极区和偏向中纬度一侧的两个“波障碍区”之间的带状西风波导区中。Rossby波从乌拉尔山活动中心向东传播,最终形成贝加尔湖和鄂霍次克海地区的持续异常环流。在C型维持过程中则还存在另一种强迫因子。在C型中,Rossby波从乌拉尔山活动中心向中纬度传播,并在亚洲急流中向东传播至东亚地区。(3)在后汛期,在欧亚大陆上纬向“波障碍区”的增加使得Rossby波活动减弱。E型异常环流型的鄂霍次克海活动中心向东扩展到北太平洋,但来自上游的Rossby波传播只作用于该活动中心的西北侧部分。C型中Rossby波的传播在乌拉尔山活动中心地区变弱。在夏季各个时期,E和C型持续异常环流对应着不同位相的EAP(或PJ)型,但并没有Rossby波从中纬度向北传播至鄂霍次克海地区的现象。

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