Mallet I, Cammas J P, Mascart P, et al. Effects of cloud diabatic heating on the early development of the FASTEX IOP17 cyclone. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 1999, 125: 3439-3467
Kutzbach G. The thermal theory of cyclones: A history of meteorological thought in the nineteenth century. Historical Monograph Series. Boston: Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1979. 255
[15]
Gyakum J R. On the evolution of the QE Ⅱ storm. Ⅰ: Synoptic aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1983, 111:1137-1155
[16]
Gyakum J tL On the evolution of the QE Ⅱ storm. Ⅱ: Dynamic and thermodynamic structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 1983, 111: 1156-1173
[17]
Anthes R A, Kuo Y H, Gyakum J R. Numerical simulations of a case of explosive marine cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1983, 111: 1174-1188
[18]
Reed R J, Simmons A J, Albright M D, et al. The role of latent heat release in explosive cyclogenesis: Three examples based on ECMWF operational forecasts. Wea. Forecasting, 1988, 3:217-229
Davis C A. A potential-vorticity diagnosis of the importance of initial structure and condensational heating in observed extratropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1992, 120:2409-2427
[21]
徐祥德 解以扬.不同垂直加热率对爆发性气旋发展的影响[J].气象学报,:.
[22]
Lackmann G M. Cold-frontal potential vorticity maxima, the low-level jet, and moisture transport in extratropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 2002, 130: 59-74
[23]
Reed R J, Stoelinga M T, Kuo Y H. A model-aided study of the origin and evolution of the anomalously high potential vorticity in the inner region of a rapidly deepening marine cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1992, 120:893-913
[24]
Davis C A, Stoelinga M T, Kuo Y H. The integrated effect of condensation in numerical simulations of extratropical cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1993, 121: 2309-2330
[25]
Rossa A M, Wernli H, Davies H C. Growth and decay of an extra-tropical cyclone\\'s PV-tower. Meteor. Atmos. Phys. , 2000, 73:139-156
[26]
Raymond D J, Nonlinear balance and potentiai-vorticity thinking at large Rossby number. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , 1992, 118: 987-1015
[27]
Ahmadi-Givi F, Craig G C, Plant R S. The dynamics of a midlatitude cyclone with very strong latent-heat release. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , 2004, 130:295-323
[28]
Stoelinga M T. A potential vorticity-based study of the role of diabatic heating and friction in a numerically simulated haroclinic cyclone. Mort. Wea. Rev. , 1996, 124:849-874
[29]
Wernli H, Davies H C. A Lagrangian-based analysis of extratropical cyclones. Ⅰ: The method and some applications. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 1997, 123:467-489
[30]
Emanuel K A, Fantini M, Thorpe A J. Baroclinic instability in an environment of small stability to slantwise moist convection. Part Ⅰ: Two-dimensional models. J. Atmos. Sci., 1987, 44:1559-1587
[31]
Gammas J P, Keyser D, Lackmann G M, et al. Diabatie redistribution of potential vortieity accompanying the development of an outflow jet within a strong extratropieal cyclone. Preprints, Int. Syrup. on the Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyelones, Bergen, Norway, Amer. Meteor. Soc. , 1994. 403- 409
[32]
Martin J E, Otkin J A. The rapid growth and decay of an extratropical cyclone over the central Pacific Ocean. Wea. Forecasting, 2004, 19:358-376
[33]
Kuo Y H, Shapiro M A, Donall E G. The interaction between baroclinic and diabatic processes in a numerical simulation of a rapidly intensifying extratropical marine cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev, 1991, 119: 368-384
[34]
Wernli H, Dirren S, Liniger M A, et al. Dynamical aspects of the life cycle of the winter storm \\' Lothar\\'. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 2002, 128:405-429
[35]
Kong Fanyou. A PV study of an explosive extratropical cyclogenesis event. Observation, Theory and Modeling of Atmospheric Variability. Zhu X, Ed. Singapore: World Scientitle, 2004. 142-157