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新疆主要湖泊水资源及近期变化分析

Keywords: 干旱区,湖泊变化,人类活动,气候变化

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Abstract:

新疆干旱区处于内陆腹地,降水稀少而蒸发量大,区内湖泊经长期自然演化后多为盐湖和咸水湖。近几十年来,在气候持续增暖和人类活动驱动下,湖泊波动变化频繁,对湖泊资源环境及其区域生态环境产生重大影响。本文通过新疆地区山地、平原等不同地貌单元的6个淡水和微咸水湖泊的水量、水质状况分析和对比研究,进行了近期湖泊水资源变化分析。研究表明,近十多年来,喀纳斯湖和赛里木湖等山地湖泊有一定的扩展,但湖泊的水量和水质没有明显的变化。博斯腾湖和柴窝堡湖等山前绿洲湖泊以及乌伦古湖和吉力湖等河流尾闾湖泊总体收缩,水体咸化。湖泊的变化总体上是对区域气候变化的响应,但湖泊流域人类活动和湖盆形态特征等方面的不同,导致湖泊演化过程的空间差异。湖泊水质变化与湖泊水量变化具有明显的对应关系,湖泊水量增加水体淡化,反之咸化。近十多年来,山地湖泊赛里木湖和喀纳斯湖水质变化相对稳定,山前绿洲湖泊博斯腾湖和柴窝堡湖水质则持续恶化,而河流尾闾湖泊乌伦古湖和吉力湖水质变化波动较大,并从2008年开始逐渐好转,处于水化学类型易变的过渡阶段。

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