A test is being realised by means of a network of wide band electromagnetic detectors that continuously records the electric components of the electromagnetic field, ranging from a few of Hz to tens of kHz. The network has been operating in central Italy for more than ten years. The recorded signals from this network have been analysed in real time as well as their power spectrum contents. Time/frequency data have been saved for further analysis. The spectral contents have evidenced very distinct power spectrum signatures in ELF band that increase in intensity when strong seismic activity occurs near the stations, for example, at the time of Amatrice (M = 6) and Norcia (M = 6.5) earthquakes in 2016 when ten stations were operative, at the time of the Emilia (M = 6) earthquakes in 2012 when nine stations were operative, and at the time of the L’Aquila (M = 6.3) earthquakes in 2009 when only two stations were operative. Strong signals were also detected during the moderate Ancona (M = 5) earthquake in 2013 and by the recently installed Avigliano Umbro, Città di Castello and Gubbio stations in the Umbria region, during small seismic swarms (2 < M < 4) between 2013 and 2014. CIEN is presently composed of 16 stations and collect data from a multidisciplinary instrumentation.
References
[1]
Bina, A. (2016) Seismic Observatory Data Collected between 2006 and 2016.
http://www.binapg.it/
[2]
Fidani, C. (2005) Ipotesi sulle anomalie elettromagnetiche associate ai terremoti. Libreria Universitaria Benedetti L’Aquila, L’Aquila.
[3]
Fidani, C. (2011) The Central Italy Electromagnetic Network and the 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake: Observed Electric Activity. Geoscience, 1, 3-25.
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences1010003
[4]
Fidani, C. and Martinelli, G. (2015) A Possible Explanation for Electric Perturbations Recorded by the Italian CIEN Stations before the 2012 Emilia Earthquakes. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 56, 211-226.
[5]
Fidani, C., Albarello, D., Arcaleni, M., Martinelli, G., Siciliani, P.M., Tardioli, S. and Vannucchi, A. (2012) Emilia Earthquake: VLF Transmitters and ELF Signal from the Central Italy Electromagnetic Network (CIEN). Proceedings of the 31th GNGTS, Potenza, 20-22 November 2012, 415-420.
[6]
Fidani, C. (2011) L’Aquila Earthquake: Signal Intensities of Electric Field Anomalies. Proceeding of the 30th GNGTS, Trieste, 14-17 November 2011, 363-365.
NAVMAN (2002) Jupiter GPS Receiver, TU30-D400 Series Data Sheet, Revision A.
http://www.sander-electronic.de/datasheet/gps/NAVMAN_Jupiter_11_Datasheet.pdf
[9]
Chiaraluce, L., Chiarabba, C., Collettini, C., Piccinini, D. and Cocco, M. (2007) Architecture and Mechanics of an Active Low-Angle Normal Fault: Alto Tiberina Fault, Northern Apennines, Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, B10310.
[10]
Mirabella, F., Brozzetti, F., Lupattelli, A. and Barchi, M.R. (2011) Tectonic Evolution of a Low-Angle Extensional Fault System from Restored Cross-Sections in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Tectonics, 30, TC6002.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011tc002890
[11]
Pialli, G., Barchi, M. and Minelli, G. (1998) Results of the CROP03 Deep Seismic Reflection Profile. Vol. 52, Società Geologica Italiana, Rome.
[12]
Barchi, M., Minelli, R. and Pialli, G. (1998) The Crop 03 Profile: A Synthesis of Results on Deep Structures of the Northern Apennines. Vol. 52, Società Geologica Italiana, Rome, 383-400.
[13]
Barchi, M., De Feyter, A., Magnani, M., Minelli, G., Pialli, G. and Sotera, B. (1998) Extensional Tectonics in the Northern Apennines (Italy): Evidence from the CROP03 Deep Seismic Reflection Line. Vol. 52, Società Geologica Italiana, Rome, 528-538.
[14]
Collettini, C. and Barchi, M.R. (2002) A Low Angle Normal Fault in the Umbria Region (Central Italy): A Mechanical Model for the Related Microseismicity. Tectonophysics, 359, 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00441-9
[15]
Wernicke, B. (1995) Low-Angle Normal Faults and Seismicity: A Review. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 20159-20174. https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb01911
[16]
Catalli, F., Cocco, M., Console, R. and Chiaraluce, L. (2008) Modeling Seismicity Rate Changes during the 1997 Umbria-Marche Sequence (Central Italy) through a Rate- and State-Dependent Model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, B11301.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jb005356
[17]
Tennakone, K. (2011) Stable Spherically Symmetric Static Charge Separated Configurations in the Atmosphere: Implications on Ball Lightning and Earthquake Lights. Journal of Electrostatics, 69, 638-640.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2011.08.005
[18]
Heller, L., Biophys. Group, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., NM, USA, Ranken, D. and Best, E. (2004) The Magnetic Field inside Special Conducting Geometries Due to Internal Current. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 51, 1310-1318.
[19]
Takahashi, T. (1972) Electric Charge of Small Particles (1 - 40 μ). Journal Atmospheric Science, 29, 921-930.
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<0921:ECOSP>2.0.CO;2
[20]
Singer, S. (1971) The Nature of Ball Lightning. Plenum Press, New York.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1866-8
[21]
Tennakone, K. (2006) Ball Lightning Elusive Behaviour Depending on Proton Conductivity. Current Science, 90, 1247-1250.
[22]
Kolarz, P., Miljkovic, B. and Curguz, Z. (2012) Air-Ion Counter and Mobility Spectrometer. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, 279, 219-222.
ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2011.10.061
[23]
Freund, F.T., Kulahci, I.G., Cyr, G., Ling, J., Winnick, M., Tregloan-Reed, J. and Freund, M.M. (2009) Air Ionization at Rock Surface Sand Pre-Earthquake Signals. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 71, 1824-1834.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2009.07.013
[24]
Noir, J., Jacques, E., Be’kri, S., Adler, P.M. and King, G.C.P. (1997) Fluid Flow Triggered Migration of Events in the 1989 Dobi Earthquake Sequence of Central Afar. Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 2335-2338.
https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL02182
[25]
Miller, S., Collettini, C., Chiaraluce, L., Cocco, M., Barchi, M. and Klaus, B. (2004) Aftershocks Driven by a High Pressure CO2 Source at Depth. Nature, 427, 724-727.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02251
[26]
Antonioli, A., Piccinini, D., Chiaraluce, L. and Cocco, M. (2005) Fluid Flow and Seismicity Pattern: Evidence from the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Central Italy) Seismic Sequence. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L10311.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL022256