Music therapy has served
as complementary and alternative medicine for various neurological disorders.
Five Phases Music Therapy (FPMT) employs the theory of five phases and five
music scales or tones (宫Gong (do), 商Shang
(ri), 角Jue (mi), 徵Zhi
(so) and 羽Yu (la)) to analyze and treat mind-body illness. In
Chinese Medicine (CM), the five music scales are used to connect the human body
and the universe, interpret personalities and constitution and analyze the influences of climatic changes on
health. FPMT has a self-contained theory and routine of practice
application. Large amounts of clinical and fundamental reports have been
available and clinical benefits have been obtained. However, more systemic clinic research esp. evidence-based
and random controlled trials must be performed to validate and optimize its
routines and biological and neurological mechanism must be further explored.
It’s reasonable to believe that the effective music therapy will attract more
attention from the world outside China with the introduction of FPMT.
Cite this paper
Zhang, H. and Lai, H. (2017). Five Phases Music Therapy (FPMT) in Chinese Medicine: Fundamentals and Application. Open Access Library Journal, 4, e4190. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104190.
Maratos, A. and Gold, C. (2008) Music Therapy for Depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 108, CD004517. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004517.pub2
Thompson, W.F. and Schlaug, G. (2015) The Healing Power of Music. Scientific American Mind, 26, 32-41. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0315-32
Castillo-Pérez, S., Gómez-Pérez, V., Velasco, M.C., Pérez-Campos, E. and Mayoral, M.A. (2010) Effects of Music Therapy on Depression Compared with Psychotherapy. Arts in Psychotherapy, 37, 387-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2010.07.001
Karchmer, E.I. (2013) The Excitations and Suppressions of the Times: Locating the Emotions in the Liver in Modern Chinese Medicine. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 37, 8-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-012-9289-4
Scheid, V. (2013) Depression, Constraint, and the Liver: (Dis)Assembling the Treatment of Emotion-Related Disorders in Chinese Medicine. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 37, 30-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-012-9290-y
Zhang, H., Tan, C., Wang, H., Xue, S. and Wang, M. (2010) Study on the History of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Treat Diabetes. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2, 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2010.02.004
Liao, J., Yang, Y.H., Lorenzo C., Zhao, Y.C. and Xu, Y. (2013) Effects of Chinese Medicine Five-Element Music on the Quality of Life for Advanced Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 19, 736-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-013-1593-5
Sung, K.T. (2001) Elder Respect: Exploration of Ideals and Forms in East Asia. Journal of Aging Studies, 15, 13-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(00)00014-1
Wang, Q. and Zhu, Y. (2009) Epidemiological Investigation of Constitutional Types of Chinese Medicine in General Population: Based on 21,948 Epidemiological Investigation Data of Nine Provinces in China. China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Pharmacy, 24, 7-12.
Ma, S.L., Tang, Q.L., Liu, H.W., He, J. and Gao, S.H. (2013) Correlation Analysis for the Attack of Bacillary Dysentery and Meteorological Factors Based on the Chinese Medicine Theory of Yunqi and the Medical-Meteorological Forecast Model. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 19, 182-186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-012-1239-z
Zhang, H., Zhang, X.G., Liang, X.L., Lai, H., Gao, J., Liu, Q. and Wang, H.Y. (2015) Introduction on the Emotion-Will Overcoming Therapy (Ewot): A Novel Alternative Approach of Psychological Treatment from Chinese Medicine. Chinese Medicine, 6, 75-82. https://doi.org/10.4236/cm.2015.62008
Zhang, H., Zhang, X.G, Wang, H.Y., Cao, B., Liu, Y., Liao, M.Y. and Wang, M.Q (2014) Application of the Five-Element Musicotherapy to Emotion Nursing with Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chinese Journal of Convalescent Medicine, 23, 1077-1079.
Hsu, E. (2000) Spirit (Shen), Styles of Knowing, and Authority in Contemporary Chinese Medicine. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 24, 197-229. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005529514427
Gouk, P. (2015) An Enlightenment Proposal for Music Therapy: Richard Brocklesby on Music, Spirit, and the Passions. Progress in Brain Research, 217, 159-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.026
Brandes, V., Terris, D.D., Fischer, C., Schuessler, M.N., Ottowitz, G., Titscher, G., Thayer, J.F., et al. (2009) Music Programs Designed to Remedy Burnout Symptoms Show Significant Effects after Five Weeks. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1169, 422-425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04790.x
Li, L., Wang, M.L., Li, M.Y., Wei, J., Gan, H.S., Jiang, L.Y., He, L.Q. and Chen, L.F. (2015) The Effects of Five Elements of Music and Electroacupuncture in Labor Analgesia on Newborn Blood Gas Analysis. Journal of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, 37, 355-356, 370.
Wu, L.L., Zhang, Z.X., Chen, M. and Zhang, Y. (2009) Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine five Element Music Therapy in Treating 60 Cases of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Emotional Disorder. Guide of China Medicine, 7, 8-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-4-8
Fang, J., Zheng, N., Wang, Y., Cao, H., Sun, S., Dai, J., Li, Q. and Zhang, Y. (2013) Understanding Acupuncture Based on ZHENG Classification from System Perspective. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, Article ID: 956967.
Wu, T., Yang, M., Wei, H.F., He, S.H., Wang, S.C. and Ji, G. (2012) Application of Metabolomics in Traditional Chinese Medicine Differentiation of Deficiency and Excess Syndromes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, Article ID: 968083. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/968083
Dai, Y.Q., Chen, F. and Liu, J. (2016) Application of the Five-Element Music Therapy in Depression after Myocardial Infarction. China Medical Herald, 13, 80-89.
Zhang, Y., Cai, J., Zhang, Y., Ren, T., Zhao, M. and Zhao, Q. (2016) Improvement in Stroke-Induced Motor Dysfunction by Music-Supported Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Scientific Reports, 6, 38521. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38521
Linnemann, A., Kappert, M.B., Fischer, S., Doerr, J.M., Strahler, J. and Nater, U.M. (2015) The Effects of Music Listening on Pain and Stress in the Daily Life of Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 434. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00434
Wang, M., Chen, F. and Jiang, M. (2011) Study on Traditional Chinese Medical Music on Quality of Life of Anxiety-Depression Type of Pulmonary Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy. Chinese Nursing Research, 25, 2478-2479.
Liao, J, Yang, Y.F., Zhao, Y.C., Xiao, C.Y. and Yu, Y. (2011) Kappa Analysis on the Application of Selecting Traditional Chinese Medicine Five-Element Music under Syndrome Differentiation. World Science & Technology, 13, 944-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3553(12)60027-1
Tao, W.W., Jiang, H., Tao, X.M., Jiang, P., Sha, L.Y. and Sun, X.C. (2016) Effects of Acupuncture, Tuina, tai chi, Qigong, and Traditional Chinese Medicine Five Element Music Therapy on Symptom Management and Quality of Life for Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 51, 728-747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.027
Liu, X., Niu, X., Feng, Q. and Liu, Y. (2014) Effects of Five-Element Music Therapy on Elderly People with Seasonal Affective Disorder in a Chinese Nursing Home. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 34, 159-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(14)60071-6
Li, L. and Qi, J. (2009) Researching on Five Elements Music to Influence the Behavior of Anxiety Disercler Rats. Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 27, 24-26.
Qi, J., Peng, Q., Liu, J., Yang, Z. and Li, L. (2008) The Effect of Electronic Acupuncture and Five Phases Music Therapy on the Serum and Hypothalamus 5-HT Level on Anxiety Rat. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 29, 627-629.