Babesiosis is a new worldwide parasitic disease caused by hemoprotozoan par-asites of the genus Babesia, which is parasitic on erythrocytes of humans, and other vertebrates, and transmitted via ixodid ticks. Babesiamicroti is the main pathogenic agent of human babesiosis and is prevalent all over the world, in-cluding Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, North America and Australia. The United States has the highest number of cases. Babesiosis is mainly dis-tributed in Northeast China, followed by southwest China. As a new in-sect-borne infectious disease, the disease poses a serious threat to human health, but the research foundation is relatively weak and should be paid more attention to. In this paper, the prevalence, transmission, distribution of babesiosis at home and abroad, and laboratory diagnosis are reviewed. The related research focus of babesiosis mainly includes the screening of diagnostic antigens of babesiosis and the interaction mechanism between Babesia and host and other pathogens.
Cite this paper
Shen, S. and Liu, J. (2019). A Review of Human Babesiosis and the Laboratory Diagnosis. Open Access Library Journal, 6, e5870. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105870.
Jiang, J.F., et al. (2015) Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics of 48 Cases of “Babesia Venatorum” Infection in China: A Descriptive Study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15, 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71046-1
Ord, R.L. and Lobo, C.A. (2015) Human Babesiosis: Pathogens, Prevalence, Diagnosis and Treatment. Current Clinical Microbiology Reports, 2, 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40588-015-0025-z
Holman, P.J., et al. (2005) Comparative Infectivity of Babesia Divergens and a Zoonotic Babesia Divergens-Like Parasite in Cattle. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73, 865-870. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.865
Dkhil, M.A., Al-Quraishy, S. and Al-Khalifa, M.S. (2014) The Effect of Babesia divergens Infection on the Spleen of Mongolian Gerbils. BioMed Research International, 2014, Article ID: 483854. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/483854
Maharana, B.R., Tewari, A.K., Saravanan, B.C. and Sudhakar, N.R. (2016) Important Hemoprotozoan Diseases of Livestock: Challenges in Current Diagnostics and Therapeutics: An Update. Veterinary World, 9, 487-495. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.487-495
Goff, W.L., et al. (2003) Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on a Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 Epitope Specifically Identifies Babesia bovis-Infected Cattle. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, 10, 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.10.1.38-43.2003
Priest, J.W., et al. (2012) Multiplex Assay Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies that Recognize Babesia microti Antigens. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 19, 1539-1548. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00313-12
Rhemrev-Boom, M.M., Yates, M., Rudolph, M. and Raedts, M. (2001) (Immuno)affinity Chromatography: A Versatile Tool for Fast and Selective Purification, Concentration, Isolation and Analysis. Journal of Pharmaceu-tical and Biomedical Analysis, 24, 825-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00549-5
Guswanto, A., et al. (2017) Eval-uation of Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) strips for the Serological Detection of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina Infection in Cattle from Western Java, Indonesia. Veterinary Parasitology, 239, 76-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.010
Criado-Fornelio, A. (2007) A Review of Nucleic-Acid-Based Diagnostic Tests for Babesia and Theileria, with Emphasis on Bovine Piroplasms. Parassitologia, 49, 39-44.
Alvarez, J.A., Rojas, C. and Figueroa, J.V. (2019) Diagnostic Tools for the Identification of Babesia sp. in Persistently Infected Cattle. Pathogens, 8, 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030143
El-Sayed, S., Rizk, M.A., Terkawi, M. and Igarashi, I. (2019) Cocktail Babesia bovis Antigens for Global Detection of Babesia bovis Infection in Cattle. Experimental Parasitology, 206, Article ID: 107758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107758
Liu, A., et al. (2012) Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method Based on Two Species-Specific Primer Sets for the Rapid Identification of Chinese Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. Parasitology International, 61, 658-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2012.07.004
Solano-Gallego, L., Sainz, á., Roura, X., Estrada-Pe？a, A. and Miró, G. (2016) A Review of Canine Babesiosis: The European Perspective. Parasites & Vectors, 9, 336-336. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1596-0
Bloch, E.M., et al. (2018) Babesia microti and Malaria Infection in Africa: A Pilot Serosurvey in Kilosa District, Tanzania. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 99, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0012
Zhou, X., et al. (2014) Human Babesiosis, an Emerging Tick-Borne Disease in the Peo-ple’s Republic of China. Parasites & Vectors, 7, 509-509. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-014-0509-3
