Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) which reduces NADP to NADPH while oxidizing glucose-6-phosphate. NADPH subsequently acts as a reducing agent, allowing oxidized glutathione to be converted to reduced glutathione, which protects against oxidant damage. Objectives: This study aimed to assess G6PD activity in Sudanese diabetic patients and its relationship with hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods: This study was a case control study done during the period from 2015 to 2018. Included 245 diabetic patients, compared to 245 age matching adults non-diabetic as control, male and female. Erythrocyte G6PD activity was determined using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay of enzyme by commercial kit. Blood glucose was conducted using a spectrophotometric procedure by Glucose Oxidase/Peroxidase test. Results: The study proved that, the incidences of low activity of G6PD enzyme among diabetic patients were 21.6%, and there was no evidence of deficiency or low activity in controls P. value (0.000). According to G6PD activity normal value, 53 (21.6%) were low activity and 192 (78.4%) were normal activity, and there was no complete deficiency at all in studied population. The relation between G6PD activity and high blood glucose level revealed a highly significant difference with P. value (0.006). Conclusions: The study concluded that G6PD low activity is one of the risk factors for diabetes mellitus, as well as hyperglycemia.
Cite this paper
Ahmed, A. K. , Elsiddig, Y. M. , Mohamedahmed, K. A. , Gamar, S. Y. , Mohammed, Y. A. , Alfaham, Z. H. , Saeed, O. K. A. and Abbas, A. A. (2022). Assessment of G6PD Activity among Diabetic Patients and Its Relationship with Hyperglycemia, Wad Madani, Gezira State, Sudan. Open Access Library Journal, 9, e9399. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1109399.
Fiorentino, T.V., Prioletta, A., Zuo, P. and Folli, F. (2013) Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Diabetes Mellitus Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19, 5695-5703.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319320005
Idiopathic, B. and Endocrinopathies, D. (2003) Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 26, S5-S20.
https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.2007.S5
Markus, A., Turchyn, A.V. and Ralser, M. (2014) Non-Enzymatic Glycolysis and Pentose Phosphate Pathway-Like Reactions in a Plausible Archean Ocean. Molecular Systems Biology, 10, 725-725. https://doi.org/10.1002/msb.20145228
Frederiks, W.M., Bosch, K.S., De Jong, J.S.S.G. and Van Noorden, C.J.F. (2003) Post-Translational Regulation of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in (Pre)neoplastic Lesions in Rat Liver. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry, 51, 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100112
Winzer, K., Van Noorden, C.J.F. and Köhler, A. (2001) Quantitative Cytochemical Analysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Living Isolated Hepatocytes of European Flounder for Rapid Analysis of Xenobiotic Effects. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 49, 1025-1032.
https://doi.org/10.1177/002215540104900810
Xu, Y., Osborne, B.W. and Stanton, R.C. (2005) Diabetes Causes Inhibition of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase via Activation of PKA, Which Contributes to Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Cortex. American Journal of Physiology—Renal Physiology, 289, F1040-F1047. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00076.2005
Carette, C., Dubois-Laforgue, D., Gautier, J.F. and Timsit, J. (2011) Diabetes Mellitus and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: From One Crisis to Another. Diabetes & Metabolism, 37, 79-82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2010.09.004
Gu, X.J., Chen, S.P., Ge, S.J., Zheng, L.Q., Wang, D.W. and Shen, F.X. (2013) G6PD Deficiency-Induced Hemolysis in a Chinese Diabetic Patient: A Case Report with Clinical and Molecular Analysis. Acta Diabetologica, 50, 89-92.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-010-0236-y
Choudhuri, S., Roy, P.K., Mitra, B., Sen, S., Sarkar, R., Das, M., et al. (2017) Hyperlipidemia-Mediated Increased Advanced Lipooxidation End Products Formation, an Important Factor Associated with Decreased Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Mild Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 41, 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.07.007
Sobngwi, E., Gautier, J.F., Kevorkian, J.P., Villette, J.M., Riveline, J.P., Zhang, S., Vexiau, P., Leal, S.M., Vaisse, C. and Mauvais-Jarvis, F. (2005) High Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency without Gene Mutation Suggests a Novel Genetic Mechanism Predisposing to Ketosis-Prone Diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 90, 4446-4451.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2545
Rashidi, H., Shafiei, M. and Hamidian, R. (2009) Erythrocyticglucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Diabetic Patients. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 25, 665-668.
Mahmoud, A.A. and Nor El-Din, A.K. (2013) Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity and Protein Oxidative Modification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Biomarkers, 2013, Article ID: 430813.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/430813
Niazi, G., Adeyokunu, A., Westwood, B. and Beutler, E. (1998) G6PD Aures: A Rare Mutant of G6PD in Saudi Arabia. Molecular and Clinical Presentations. Saudi Medical Journal, 17, 311-314.
Akter, N., Begum, N. and Ferdousi, S. (2010) Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydro-genase (G6PD) Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Relationship with HbA1C. Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist, 5, 60-65.
https://doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v5i2.6778
Ibrahim, M.A., et al. (2018) Relationship between Hyperglycemic States and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity among Patients with Type 2 Dia-betes in Kano, Nigeria. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 27, 249-252.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-017-2573-5