Severe malaria is a major cause of mortality among children when not diagnosed and treated at an early stage. It is classified as a medical emergency. In this study, the urinalysis was done using the dipstick method on 82 (50%) children with severe malaria and another 82 (50%) without severe malaria, serving as controls. Data collated during the study were analyzed using chi-square and p-value with the aid of SPSS 23 software. The study shows that the urine pH and specific gravity were normal in all subjects after four weeks under consideration. Renal involvement in severe malaria recovers in four weeks.
Cite this paper
Ajayi, A. , Olanrewaju, O. P. , Ayodele, O. and Timothy, A. O. (2024). Urinalysis of Children with Severe Malaria. Open Access Library Journal, 11, e1368. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1111368.
Weber, M.W., Zimmermann, U., Hensbroek, M.B., Frenkel, J., Palmer, A., Ehrich, J.H.H., et al. (1999) Renal Involvement in Gambian Children with Cerebral or Mild Malaria. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 4, 390-394. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00409.x
Sheiban, A.K. (1999) Prognosis of Malaria Associated Severe Acute Renal Failure in Children. Renal Failure, 21, 63-66. https://doi.org/10.3109/08860229909066970
Kibukamusoke, J.W., Hutt, M.S.R. and Wilks, N.E. (1967) The Nephrotic Syndrome in Uganda and Its Asso-ciation with Quartan Malaria. The Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 36, 393-395.
Afolayan, F.M., Adedoyin, O.T., Abdulkadir, M.B., Ibrahim, O.R., Biliaminu, S.A., Mokuolu, O.A., et al. (2020) Acute Kidney Injuries in Children with Severe Malaria. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 20, e312-e317. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.04.006
Nakhjavan-Shahraki, B., Yousefifard, M., Ataei, N., Baikpour, M., Ataei, F., Bazargani, B., et al. (2017) Accuracy of Cystatin C in Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in Children; Serum or Urine Levels: Which One Works Better? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Nephrology, 18, Article No. 120. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0539-0
Lagos-Arevalo, P., Palijan, A., Vertullo, L., Devarajan, P., Bennett, M.R., Sabbisetti, V., et al. (2014) Cystatin C in Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis: Early Biomarker or Alternative to Serum Creatinine? Pediatric Nephrology, 30, 665-676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-014-2987-0
Oshomah-Bello, E.O., Esezobor, C.I., Solarin, A.U. and Njokanma, F.O. (2020) Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Severe Malaria Is Common and Associated with Adverse Hospital Outcomes. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 66, 218-225. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz057
Kwambele, L., Ndeezi, G., Ortiz, Y.A., Twesigemuka, S., Nduwimana, M., Egesa, I.W., Kumbakulu, K.P. and Yves Bafwa, Y.T. (2023) Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Injury among Children with Severe Malaria at Kiryandongo General Hospital, Uganda. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2023, Article ID 2139016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/213901
Muhamedhussein, M.S., Ghosh, S., Khanbhai, K., Maganga, E., Nagri, Z. and Manji, M. (2019) Prevalence and Factors Associated with Acute Kidney Injury among Malaria Patients in Dar es Salaam: A Cross-Sectional Study. Malaria Research and Treatment, 2019, Article 4396108. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4396108
Conroy, A.L., Hawkes, M., Elphinstone, R.E., Morgan, C., Hermann, L., Barker, K.R., et al. (2016) Acute Kidney Injury Is Common in Pediatric Severe Malaria and Is Associated with In-creased Mortality. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 3, ofw046. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw046
Araoye, M.O. (2003) Subject Selection and Sample Size Determination. In: Araoye, M.O., Ed., Research Methodology with Statistics for Health and Social Sciences, Nathadex Publishers, 115-120.
Cheesebrough, M. (2002) Ex-amination of Urine. In: Cheesbrough, M., Ed., District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries, Cambridge University Press, 711-712.
Mabry, C.C. (1987) Reference Ranges for Laboratory Tests. In: Behrman, R.E. and Klegman, R.M., Eds., Nelson Text Book of Paediatric, W.B. Sander Company, 1535-1558.