%0 Journal Article
%T Strength, Size, and Muscle Quality in the Upper Arm Following Unilateral Training in Younger and Older Males and Females
%A Leah C. Tanton
%A Thomas A. Cappaert
%A Paul M. Gordon
%A Robert F. Zoeller
%A Theodore J. Angelopoulos
%A Thomas B. Price
%A Paul D. Thompson
%A Niall M. Moyna
%A Richard L. Seip
%A Linda S. Pescatello
%A Joseph M. Devaney
%A Heather Gordish-Dressman
%A Eric P. Hoffman and Paul S. Visich
%J Clinical Medicine Insights: Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders
%D 2012
%I 
%X Purpose: To assess strength, size, and muscle quality differences between younger and older males and females in response to training. Methods: The bicep and tricep of the non-dominant arm were trained for twelve weeks in younger and older males and females (n = 41). The bicep of both arms were assessed pre and post for muscle strength using one-repetition maximum (1 RM) testing, and size using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Strength (p < 0.05), mCSA (p < 0.05), and 1 RM MQ (p < 0.00) increased in response to training in all subjects regardless of age or gender. Younger and older subjects had similar increases in strength (45.49 ¡À 15.30% vs. 42.67 ¡À 26.67% respectively), mCSA (16.22 ¡À 7.98% vs. 19.17 ¡À 6.19% respectively), and 1RM MQ (25.73 ¡À 15.76 vs. 19.67 ¡À 20.66 respectively). Women increased their strength (55.59 ¡À 19.45% vs. 32.87 ¡À 15.66% p < 0.00 respectively), size (20.36 ¡À 6.29% vs. 14.72 ¡À 7.28% p < 0.02 respectively), and 1 RM MQ (29.74 ¡À 18.33% vs. 16.30 ¡À 15.59% p < .02) more than men. In comparing age and gender, younger females increased their strength more than older males (56.42 ¡À 12.92% vs. 29.17 ¡À 21.8% p < .02 respectively). Older females also increased their strength more than older males (54.68 ¡À 25.73 vs. 29.17 ¡À 21.80% respectively). Younger females increased their 1 RM MQ more than older males (.18 ¡À .08 kg/cm vs. .06 ¡À .08 kg/cm p < .02 respectively). Conclusion: Strength and mCSA increases similarly in older and younger subjects. However, the overall strength and quality of the muscle seems to improve more in women than in men.
%U http://www.la-press.com/strength-size-and-muscle-quality-in-the-upper-arm-following-unilateral-article-a1241