%0 Journal Article
%T Proteinuria: an ignored marker of inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic hemodialysis
%A Trimarchi H
%A Muryan A
%A Dicugno M
%A Young P
%A Forrester M
%A Lombi F
%A Pomeranz V
%A Iriarte R
%A Ra a MS
%A Alonso M
%J International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease
%D 2012
%I 
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S27675
%X oteinuria: an ignored marker of inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic hemodialysis Original Research (3827) Total Article Views Authors: Trimarchi H, Muryan A, Dicugno M, Young P, Forrester M, Lombi F, Pomeranz V, Iriarte R, Ra a MS, Alonso M Published Date December 2011 Volume 2012:5 Pages 1 - 7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S27675 Hern芍n Trimarchi1, Alexis Muryan2, Mariana Dicugno2, Pablo Young3, Mariano Forrester1, Fernando Lombi1, Vanesa Pomeranz1, Romina Iriarte1, Mar赤a Soledad Ra a1, Mirta Alonso2 1Nephrology, 2Biochemistry, 3Internal Medicine Services, Hospital Brit芍nico de Buenos Aires, Argentina Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients, the main etiologies being diabetes and hypertension. Cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers are usually employed to assess risk or damage, or during follow-up. Proteinuria is considered a strong predictor of morbidity, a cause of inflammation, oxidative stress, hemodynamic alteration, and progression of chronic kidney disease. However, proteinuria is rarely considered in the clinical assessment of HD patients. Methods: This was a concurrent, cohort-observational, cross-sectional study in which 52 chronic HD subjects were divided into three groups according to the degree of proteinuria: Group (G) A: <1 g/day, n = 25; GB: 1每3 g/day, n = 13; GC: >3 g/day, n = 14. Baseline hemoglobin, albuminemia, cholesterol, body mass index, Malnutrition-Inflammatory Score, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin T, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ultrafiltration rates were analyzed. Results: There was no difference between groups in terms of baseline age, gender, hypertension, cause of renal failure, hemoglobin, cholesterol, albumin, CRP levels, cardiac biomarkers, adiponectin, body mass index, or Malnutrition-Inflammatory Score. Time on HD: GA, 34.56 ㊣ 23.3 (range [r]: 6每88); GB, 25.15 ㊣ 19.40 (r: 6每58); GC, 18.21 ㊣ 9.58 (r: 6每74) months; P = 0.048. Proteinuria: GA, 0.33 ㊣ 0.30 (r: 0.0每0.88); GB, 1.66 ㊣ 0.54 (r: 1.03每2.75); GC, 7.18 ㊣ 2.80 (r: 3.04每21.5) g/day; P < 0.001. Mean ultrafiltration rates were significantly different: GA, 2.80 ㊣ 0.73; GB: 1.85 ㊣ 0.96 liters/session; P = 0.003. Fourteen diabetic patients were identified (27%): GA, 3 (12%); GB, 3 (23%); GC, 8 (57%); P = 0.009. A positive and significant correlation was observed between diabetes and proteinuria >3 g/day: rho 0.438, P = 0.027. Although troponin T, pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, adiponectin, and CRP were not different among groups, the positive correlation between troponin T and CRP elevated significantly as proteinuria increased: GA, rho 377, P = 0.063; GB, rho 663, P = 0.013; GC, rho 687, P = 0.007. Conclusion: In chronic HD, nephrotic-range proteinuria was significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy patients versus other causes. This was associated with inflammation and cardiac stress and was independent of fluid removal. Proteinuria >3 g/day was associated w
%K hemodialysis
%K proteinuria
%K inflammation
%K cardiovascular risk
%U https://www.dovepress.com/proteinuria-an-ignored-marker-of-inflammation-and-cardiovascular-disea-peer-reviewed-article-IJNRD