%0 Journal Article
%T Molecular analysis of markers associated with chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites from southeastern C te-d'Ivoire by the time of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy adoption in 2005
%A Ako BA
%A Offianan AT
%A Johansson M
%A Penali LK
%A Nguetta SP
%A Sibley CH
%J Infection and Drug Resistance
%D 2012
%I Dove Medical Press
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S31409
%X lecular analysis of markers associated with chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites from southeastern C te-d'Ivoire by the time of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy adoption in 2005 Original Research (1325) Total Article Views Authors: Ako BA, Offianan AT, Johansson M, Penali LK, Nguetta SP, Sibley CH Published Date August 2012 Volume 2012:5 Pages 113 - 120 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S31409 Received: 03 March 2012 Accepted: 07 May 2012 Published: 01 August 2012 Berenger Aristide Ako,1 Andr¨¦ Toure Offianan,1 Marnie Johansson,2 Louis Kon¨¦ Penali,1 Simon-Pierre Assanvo Nguetta,3 Carol Hopkin Sibley2 1Department of Malariology, Institut Pasteur de C te-d'Ivoire, Abidjan, C te d'Ivoire; 2Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 3Laboratoire de G¨¦n¨¦tique, Universit¨¦ de Cocody, Abidjan, C te d'Ivoire Purpose: Artemisin-based combination therapies became the recommended therapy in C te-d'Ivoire in 2005, but both chloroquine (CQ) and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) have been heavily used for many decades. Despite this long history, little is known about the geographical distribution of drug resistance¨Cconferring genotypes outside the capital city of Abidjan. In this work, we compared the prevalence of drug-resistant genotypes in Bonoua, an urban area, and Samo, a rural agricultural area, in southeastern C te-d'Ivoire, about 59 km from Abidjan. Patients and methods: Samples were collected from symptomatic patients in both sites during the rainy season in 2005. Genomic DNA was isolated and codons associated with resistance to CQ and SP were analyzed: pfcrt codons Cys-72-Ser, Val-73-Val, Met-74-Ile, Arg-75-Glu, Lys-76-Thr; pfdhfr codons Ala-16-Val, Arg-51-Ile, Cys-59-Arg, Ser-108-Arg/Thr, and Ile-164-Leu; pfdhps codons Ser-436-Ala, Ala-437-Gly, Lys-540-Glu, Ala-581-Gly, and Ala-613-Thr/Ser. Results: A limited number of genotypes were found in Bonoua compared with Samo. In both sites, the triple-mutant allele CVIET of pfcrt predominated: 100% in Bonoua and 86.2% in Samo. The wild-type allele, NCSI of pfdhfr, was common ¨C 50% in Bonoua and 38.7% in Samo ¨C but the triple-mutant IRNI and double-mutant NRNI were also frequent (IRNI, 32.6% in Bonoua and 19.4% in Samo; NRNI, 15.2% in Bonoua and 9.7% in Samo). In Samo, a wide range of different genotypes of Pfdhps was observed, with alleles carrying the Gly-437 codon fixed in Bonoua and comprising 73% of the isolates in Samo. Conclusion: Although these two sites are only 8 km apart, they belonged to very different ecological environments. The overall prevalence of alleles of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with resistance to CQ and SP in both locations was among the highest of the region by 2005, although the more rural site showed a more diverse set of alleles and mixed infections. Continued surveillance of these markers will be a useful tool for drug policy, as both CQ and SP are still frequently used ye
%K C te-d'Ivoire
%K malaria resistance
%K chloroquine
%K sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine
%K pfdhfr
%K pfdhps
%K pfcrt
%U https://www.dovepress.com/molecular-analysis-of-markers-associated-with-chloroquine-and-sulfadox-peer-reviewed-article-IDR