%0 Journal Article
%T From Exit to Entry: Long-term Survival and Transmission of Salmonella
%A Landon L. Waldner
%A Keith D. MacKenzie
%A Wolfgang K£¿ster
%A Aaron P. White
%J Pathogens
%D 2012
%I MDPI AG
%R 10.3390/pathogens1020128
%X Salmonella spp. are a leading cause of human infectious disease worldwide and pose a serious health concern. While we have an improving understanding of pathogenesis and the host-pathogen interactions underlying the infection process, comparatively little is known about the survival of pathogenic Salmonella outside their hosts. This review focuses on three areas: (1) in vitro evidence that Salmonella spp. can survive for long periods of time under harsh conditions; (2) observations and conclusions about Salmonella persistence obtained from human outbreaks; and (3) new information revealed by genomic- and population-based studies of Salmonella and related enteric pathogens. We highlight the mechanisms of Salmonella persistence and transmission as an essential part of their lifecycle and a prerequisite for their evolutionary success as human pathogens.
%K Salmonella
%K transmission
%K persistence
%K outbreak
%K rdar morphotype
%K tomato
%K sprouts
%K chocolate
%K genomics
%U http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/1/2/128