%0 Journal Article
%T Antibiogram and heavy metal tolerance of bullfrog bacteria in Malaysia
%A L.W. Tee
%A M. Najiah
%J Open Veterinary Journal
%D 2011
%I National Authority for Scientific Research & Tripoli University
%X Bacterial isolates from 30 farmed bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) weighing 500-600 g at Johore, Malaysia with external clinical signs of ulcer, red leg and torticollis were tested for their antibiograms and heavy metal tolerance patterns. A total of 17 bacterial species with 77 strains were successfully isolated and assigned to 21 antibiotics and 4 types of heavy metal (Hg2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, Cu2+). Results revealed that bacteria were resistant against lincomycin (92%), oleandomycin (72.7%) and furazolidone (71.4%) while being susceptible to chloramphenicol and florfenicol at 97.4%. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index for C. freundii, E. coli and M. morganii was high with the value up to 0.71. Bacterial strains were found to exhibit 100 % resistance to chromium and mercury. High correlation of resistance against both antibiotics and heavy metals was found (71.4 to 100%) between bullfrog bacteria isolates, except bacteria that were resistant to kanamycin showed only 25% resistance against Cu2+. Based on the results in this study, bacterial pathogens of bullfrog culture in Johore, Malaysia, were highly resistant to both antibiotics and heavy metals.
%K Antibiotics
%K Heavy metal
%K Bullfrog
%K Bacteria
%U http://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/2011/OVJ-029-09-11%20L.W.%20Tee%20and%20M.%20Najiah.pdf