%0 Journal Article %T Statistical models: Conventional, penalized and hierarchical likelihood %A Daniel Commenges %J Statistics Surveys %D 2009 %I Statistics Surveys %X We give an overview of statistical models and likelihood, together with two of its variants: penalized and hierarchical likelihood. The Kullback-Leibler divergence is referred to repeatedly in the literature, for defining the misspecification risk of a model and for grounding the likelihood and the likelihood cross-validation, which can be used for choosing weights in penalized likelihood. Families of penalized likelihood and particular sieves estimators are shown to be equivalent. The similarity of these likelihoods with a posteriori distributions in a Bayesian approach is considered. %K Bayes estimators %K Cross-validation %K h-likelihood %K Incomplete data %K Kullback-Leibler risk %K Likelihood %K Penalized likelihood %K Sieves %K Statistical models %U http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ssu/1239113309