%0 Journal Article
%T Development of food crops by modern biotechnology techniques in Central America Desarrollo de cultivos y alimentos por t¨¦cnicas de biotecnolog¨ªa moderna en Centroam¨¦rica
%A Giovanni Garro Monge
%J Tecnolog¨ªa en Marcha
%D 2012
%I Instituto Tecnol¨®gico de Costa Rica
%X In the last decade, the adoption of Genetically Modified Crops (GMC) has increased in stages worldwide. The worldwide total area planted with biotech crops reached 148 million hectares by 2010, also increasing the number of farmers around the world who decided to produce crops with this technology. At the regional level there are different responses of government agencies by generating rules and regu- lations according to the reality of these countries. In Central America, countries with greater partici- pation in the development and cultivation of food biotechnology techniques are Guatemala (papa- ya), Honduras (beans and maize) and Costa Rica (cotton, soybean and pineapple), placing the latter two in the 29 countries with more GMO planting crops worldwide in 2010. Some of the countries of the region have implemented governance structures for the regulation through technical committees on Biosafety. The most important characteristics in terms of trade continue to be those that confer herbicide tolerance or pest resistance. But notice the incur- sion of new products that contain changes in their content, which are emerging as an alternative with great perspectives in the region. These experiences of culture and Biosafety regula- tion at the regional level could be a successful and progressive development of agricultural and food biotechnology in the near future. En la ¨²ltima d¨¦cada, la adopci¨®n de Cultivos Gen¨¦ticamente Modificados (CGM) se ha incre- mentado de forma escalonada a nivel mundial. El ¨¢rea sembrada con cultivos biotecnol¨®gicos lleg¨® a un total de 148 millones de hect¨¢reas en 2010, aumentando tambi¨¦n el n¨²mero de agricultores que decidieron producir este tipo de cultivos. A nivel regional, se producen respuestas diversas de los ¨®rganos gubernamentales mediante reglamen- tos y normativas acordes con la realidad local. En Centroam¨¦rica, los pa¨ªses con mayor participaci¨®n en el desarrollo y cultivo de alimentos utilizando t¨¦cnicas de biotecnolog¨ªa moderna son Guatemala (papaya), Honduras (frijol y ma¨ªz) y Costa Rica (algod¨®n, soya y pi a). En el 2010, los dos ¨²ltimos pa¨ªses estaban entre los 29 pa¨ªses con mayor siem- bra de CGM a nivel mundial. Algunos pa¨ªses de la regi¨®n han implementado estructuras gubernamen- tales para la regulaci¨®n por medio de comisiones t¨¦cnicas de Bioseguridad. Las caracter¨ªsticas m¨¢s importantes en t¨¦rminos del comercio siguen siendo aquellas que confieren tolerancia a herbicidas o resistencia a plagas. Sin embargo, se nota la incursi¨®n de nuevos productos que contienen modificaciones en su contenido y que se vislumbra
%K Biotecnolog¨ªa
%K Cultivos Gen¨¦ticamente Modificados (CGM)
%K OGM
%K Centroam¨¦rica
%K inocuidad alimentaria
%K alimentos funcionales.
%U http://www.tec-digital.itcr.ac.cr/servicios/ojs/index.php/tec_marcha/article/view/618