%0 Journal Article
%T Effects of P-MAPA Immunomodulator on Toll-Like Receptors and p53: Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Infectious Diseases and Cancer
%A Wagner J F¨˘varo
%A Odilon S Nunes
%A F¨˘bio RF Seiva
%A Iseu S Nunes
%A Lisa K Woolhiser
%A Nelson Dur¨˘n
%A Anne J Lenaerts
%J Infectious Agents and Cancer
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1750-9378-7-14
%X For these purposes, the activity of P-MAPA on TLRs was assayed in vitro through NF-¦ĘB activation in HEK293 cells expressing a given TLR, and using an in vivo animal model for bladder cancer (BC). The antimicrobial activity of P-MAPA was tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in vitro in an MIC assay, and in vivo using an aerosol infection model of murine tuberculosis. Antitumor effects of P-MAPA were tested in an animal model with experimentally induced BC. Moxifloxacin (MXF) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were used as positive controls in the animal models.The results showed that P-MAPA, administered alone or in combination with MXF, induced significant responses in vivo against TB. In contrast, the compound did not show antimicrobial activity in vitro. P-MAPA showed a significant stimulatory effect on human TLR2 and TLR4 in vitro. In BC, TLR2, TLR4 and p53 protein levels were significantly higher in the P-MAPA group than in the BCG group. The most common histopathological changes in each group were papillary carcinoma in BC group, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in BCG group and simple hyperplasia in P-MAPA group. Concerning the toxicological analysis performed during BC treatment, P-MAPA did not show evidence for hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.In conclusion, P-MAPA acted as TLR ligand in vitro and improved the immunological status in BC, increasing TLR2 and TLR4 protein levels. P-MAPA immunotherapy was more effective in restoring p53 and TLRs reactivities and showed significantly greater antitumor activity than BCG. The activation of TLRs and p53 may provide a hypothetical mechanism for the therapeutic effects in both cancer and infectious diseases. Taken together data obtained will encourage the further investigation of P-MAPA as a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases.
%K Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
%K Immunotherapy
%K Toll-like receptor
%K p53
%K Infectious diseases
%K Mycobacterium tuberculosis
%K Bladder cancer.
%U http://www.infectagentscancer.com/content/7/1/14/abstract