%0 Journal Article
%T Toxicity of various silver nanoparticles compared to silver ions in Daphnia magna
%A Saba Asghari
%A Seyed Johari
%A Ji Lee
%A Yong Kim
%A Yong Jeon
%A Hyun Choi
%A Min Moon
%A Il Yu
%J Journal of Nanobiotechnology
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1477-3155-10-14
%X The toxicities of silver nitrate, two types of colloidal silver nanoparticles, and a suspension of silver nanoparticles were assessed and compared using standard OECD guidelines. Also, the swimming behavior and visible uptake of the nanoparticles by Daphnia were investigated and compared. The particle suspension and colloids used in the toxicity tests were well-characterized.The results obtained from the exposure studies showed that the toxicity of all the silver species tested was dose and composition dependent. Plus, the silver nanoparticle powders subsequently suspended in the exposure water were much less toxic than the previously prepared silver nanoparticle colloids, whereas the colloidal silver nanoparticles and AgNO3 were almost similar in terms of mortality. The silver nanoparticles were ingested by the Daphnia and accumulated under the carapace, on the external body surface, and connected to the appendages. All the silver species in this study caused abnormal swimming by the D. magna.According to the present results, silver nanoparticles should be classified according to GHS (Globally Harmonized System of classification and labeling of chemicals) as "category acute 1" to Daphnia neonates, suggesting that the release of nanosilver into the environment should be carefully considered.The increasing commercial application of engineered nanomaterials currently shows inventory listings of 1317 nanotechnology-based consumer products in 30 countries [1], plus the production of engineered nanoparticles is expected to reach approximately 60,000 tons in 2011 [2]. Silver is the most important nanomaterial mentioned in consumer product inventories, with 313 products (55.40% of all nano-products) [1], where the importance of nano-silver (nAg) is due to its antimicrobial properties [3-6] and application in the fields of material science, chemistry and physics. However, with the increasing presence of manufactured nanomaterials in consumer products, large quantities of na
%K Daphnia magna
%K Silver
%K Nanoparticle
%K Colloid
%K Ion
%K Acute toxicity
%U http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/10/1/14