%0 Journal Article
%T La crise financi¨¨re des Hospitaliers de Rhodes au quinzi¨¨me si¨¨cle (1426-1480)
%A Bonneaud
%A Pierre
%J Anuario de Estudios Medievales
%D 2012
%I Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient¨ªficas
%X The Order of the Hospital, which was established at Rhodes from 1310, experienced a long and serious financial crisis as a consequence of several attacks from the Mamluks, from 1426 to 1444, followed by others from the Ottoman Turks after 1453. The Order had to face heavy expenses to defend itself and needed large supplies of money. This article will describe the Treasury organization of the Order, the extent of its debts and the measures taken to improve the situation. Censals, bills of exchange, usury loans and masked loans were some of the ways used to raise funds. The Order requested fi nancial support from the Western merchants who were established at Rhodes, especially from the Catalans. There were many recovery plans, in some cases with the arbitration of the Papacy. L'Ordre de l'H pital install¨¦ ¨¤ l' le de Rhodes depuis 1310 connut une longue et grave crise fi nanci¨¨re lorsque, ¨¤ partir de 1426, les attaques des Mamelouks du sultan d'¨¦gypte puis, apr¨¨s 1453, celles des Turcs ottomans ¨¤ la conqu¨ºte de la M¨¦diterran¨¦e orientale le mirent en grand danger. Il dut d¨¦penser, et pour cela trouver, des sommes consid¨¦rables pour pr¨¦parer sa d¨¦fense. Cet article se propose d'abord de pr¨¦senter l'organisation des finances de l'Ordre au XVe si¨¨cle, autour du Tr¨¦sor, puis de faire l'inventaire de l'endettement et des mesures prises pour s'efforcer de redresser la situation. Les emprunts avaient pris de multiples formes: censals, lettres de change, pr¨ºts usuraires, pr¨ºts d¨¦guis¨¦s, etc. L'Ordre fi t largement appel aux marchands d'Occident fr¨¦quentant Rhodes, en particulier aux Catalans. Les plans de redressement furent nombreux et entra n¨¨rent l'intervention de la papaut¨¦.
%K Rhodes
%K general chapters
%K commanderies
%K responsiones
%K papacy
%K credit
%K loans
%K censals
%K bills of exchange
%K merchants
%K Rhodes
%K chapitres g¨¦n¨¦raux
%K commanderies
%K responsiones
%K papaut¨¦
%K credit
%K pr¨ºts
%K censals
%K lettres de change
%K marchands
%U http://estudiosmedievales.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosmedievales/article/view/407/416