%0 Journal Article
%T La virtuosit¨¦ comme arme de guerre psychologique Virtuosity as a weapon of psychological warfareSteelband contests in Trinidad and Tobago
%A Aur¨¦lie Helmlinger
%J Ateliers d'Anthropologie
%D 2011
%I LESC (Laboratoire d'ethnologie et de sociologie comparative, CNRS-Universit¨¦ Paris X)
%R 10.4000/ateliers.8798
%X Apr¨¨s avoir ¨¦t¨¦ travers¨¦s par des conflits violents, les steelbands se sont construits dans d¡¯intenses rapports de rivalit¨¦ o¨´ la virtuosit¨¦ est devenue l¡¯arme essentielle. Encadr¨¦s par un syst¨¨me de comp¨¦titions nationales, les orchestres s¡¯affrontent d¨¦sormais ¨¤ travers la vitesse, la puissance sonore ou les difficult¨¦s d¡¯ex¨¦cution musicale. ¨¤ une ¨¦chelle plus locale, les sections ¡ª ensembles d¡¯instruments identiques ¡ª rivalisent informellement dans des joutes de difficult¨¦ d¡¯ex¨¦cution. Pour les individus enfin, la virtuosit¨¦ tient notamment ¨¤ la rapidit¨¦ de m¨¦morisation du r¨¦pertoire. Quels que soient les niveaux de sociabilit¨¦ consid¨¦r¨¦s, on observe que la virtuosit¨¦ s¡¯exprime principalement dans des innovations et des records quantifiables (nombre de notes ¨¤ jouer, nombre de d¨¦cibels, de musiciens, de victoires aux comp¨¦titions¡­), qui permettent d¡¯¨¦tablir des classements et une hi¨¦rarchisation des rivaux propices ¨¤ la concorde et au renouvellement de l¡¯ordre social. After having encountered violent conflicts, steelband were shaped in an intense rivalry in which virtuosity had become the key weapon. Within a system of national competitions, bands now compete in speed, loudness or musical difficulties. At a more local level, the sections¡ªsets of identical instruments¡ªinformally compete in games focusing on the difficulty of performance. For individuals, finally, virtuosity is particularly the rapid memorization of the repertoire. At any level of sociability, we observe that virtuosity is expressed primarily in innovations and quantifiable records (number of notes to play, number of decibels, of musicians, of winning competitions ...) which allows to establish a hierarchy and a ranking of rivals conducive to harmony and to the renewal of the social order.
%K Caribbean
%K ethnomusicology
%K challenge
%K rivalry
%K honor
%K virtuosity
%K honneur
%K virtuosit¨¦
%K ethnomusicologie
%K d¨¦fi
%K rivalit¨¦
%K Cara bes
%U http://ateliers.revues.org/8798