%0 Journal Article
%T Air Microbial Contamination at the Holy Mosque, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
%A A. A. Abdel Hameed
%A T. Habeeballah
%J Current World Environment
%D 2013
%I Enviro Research Publishers
%R http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.8.2.03
%X Airborne microbial contamination was collected from the main directions of the holly mosque (Al-Haram mosque), Makkah city, by using the gravitational method. Bacteria, fungi and actinomycete concentrations ranged between 1470¨C 21800 CFU/m3; 44 - 572 CFU/m3, and 0.0 - 264 CFU/m3, respectively at all directions. Bacterial concentrations significantly differed between directions, and Gram positive bacteria constituted ~ 90-100% of the total bacterial isolates. Gammaproteobacteria were the common Gram negative bacteria, and Aspergillus was the predominant fungal genera. Mesophilic bacteria negatively related (P< 0.05) with relative humidity. Human activities had more effective influence on the microbial concentrations than the meteorological factors.
%K air
%K biocontamination
%K directions
%K biodiversity
%K the holly mosque
%K Makkah
%U http://www.cwejournal.org/vol8no2/air-microbial-contamination-at-the-holy-mosque-makkah-saudi-arabia/