%0 Journal Article
%T Effect of using different U/S probe Standoff materials in image geometry for interventional procedures: the example of prostate
%A Stefanos Diamantopoulos
%A Natasa Milickovic
%A Saeed Butt
%A Zaira Katsilieri
%J Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy
%D 2011
%I Termedia Publishing House
%X Purpose: This study investigates the distortion of geometry of catheters and anatomy in acquired U/S images, caused by utilizing various stand-off materials for covering a transrectal bi-planar ultrasound probe in HDR and LDR prostatebrachytherapy, biopsy and other interventional procedures. Furthermore, an evaluation of currently established waterbathbased quality assurance (QA) procedures is presented. Material and methods: Image acquisitions of an ultrasound QA setup were carried out at 5 MHz and 7 MHz. The U/Sprobe was covered by EA 4015 Silicone Standoff kit, or UA0059 Endocavity balloon filled either with water or one ofthe following: 40 ml of Endosgel , Instillagel , Ultraschall gel or Space OAR  gel. The differences between imageswere recorded. Consequently, the dosimetric impact of the observed image distortion was investigated, using a tissueequivalent ultrasound prostate phantom ¨C Model number 053 (CIRS Inc., Norfolk, VA, USA). Results: By using the EA 4015 Silicone Standoff kit in normal water with sound speed of 1525 m/s, a 3 mm needleshift was observed. The expansion of objects appeared in radial direction. The shift deforms also the PTV (prostate inour case) and other organs at risk (OARs) in the same way leading to overestimation of volume and underestimationof the dose. On the other hand, Instillagel  and Space OAR  ˇ°shrinksˇ± objects in an ultrasound image for 0.65 mm and0.40 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The use of EA 4015 Silicone Standoff kit for image acquisition, leads to erroneous contouring of PTVand OARs and reconstruction and placement of catheters, which results to incorrect dose calculation during prostatebrachytherapy. Moreover, the reliability of QA procedures lies mostly in the right temperature of the water used foraccurate simulation of real conditions of transrectal ultrasound imaging.
%K ultrasound
%K needle displacement
%K image distortion
%K prostate brachytherapy
%U http://www.termedia.pl/Physics-Contributions-Effect-of-using-different-U-S-probe-Standoff-materials-in-image-geometry-for-interventional-procedures-the-example-of-prostate,54,17926,1,1.html