%0 Journal Article
%T L¡¯influence de l¡¯eug¨¦nisme galtonien dans la pens¨¦e de Joseph Alois Schumpeter The Influence of Eugenics in Joseph Alois Schumpeter¡¯s theory
%A Fabrice Dannequin
%J Interventions ¨¦conomiques
%D 2012
%I Association d'Economie Politique
%X Dans sa th¨¦orie du capitalisme, Joseph Alois Schumpeter mobilise l¡¯eug¨¦nique, notamment les travaux de Francis Galton. Ce dernier a ¨¦labor¨¦ une vision hi¨¦rarchis¨¦e et h¨¦r¨¦ditariste des hommes. Il l¡¯a notamment appliqu¨¦e ¨¤ la question de la pauvret¨¦ en reprenant les donn¨¦es empiriques de Charles Booth. Schumpeter reprend ces ¨¦l¨¦ments comme socle de l¡¯explication de l¡¯in¨¦galit¨¦ sociale et dans la construction de sa th¨¦orie de l¡¯entrepreneuriat. Les entrepreneurs constituent une ¨¦lite se d¨¦marquant de la masse, en engendrant l¡¯¨¦volution de la soci¨¦t¨¦ du fait de leurs talents inn¨¦s. Le capitalisme ne peut d¨¦boucher sur la disparition totale de la pauvret¨¦. En effet, les individus biologiquement moins   dot¨¦s   sont condamn¨¦s ¨¤ rester au bas de l¡¯¨¦chelle sociale. In his theory about capitalism, Joseph Alois Schumpeter uses eugenics, and especially Francis Galton¡¯s work. The former has conceived a hierarchized vision of society, and a hereditary vision of the transmission of talents. He notably applied it to the question of poverty by using Charles Booth¡¯s empirical data. Schumpeter uses these elements both as an explanation of social inequality and as a basis of his theory of entrepreneurship. To him, the entrepreneurs are an elite standing out against the masses since they have the innate talents to generate evolution. Capitalism cannot totally eradicate poverty. Indeed, the least biologically gifted are bound to remain at the bottom of the social ladder.
%K poverty
%K entrepreneur
%K Schumpeter
%K eugenics
%K Francis Galton
%K social hierarchy
%K Joseph Alois
%K pauvret¨¦
%K entrepreneur
%K Schumpeter
%K eug¨¦nique
%K Francis Galton
%K hi¨¦rarchie sociale
%K Joseph Alois
%U http://interventionseconomiques.revues.org/1753