%0 Journal Article
%T Repertoire of Escherichia coli agonists sensed by innate immunity receptors of the bovine udder and mammary epithelial cells
%A Adeline Porcherie
%A Patricia Cunha
%A Angelina Trotereau
%A Perrine Roussel
%A Florence B Gilbert
%A Pascal Rainard
%A Pierre Germon
%J Veterinary Research
%D 2012
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1297-9716-43-14
%X Mastitis is an important pathology in the dairy industry, both in terms of economic impact and animal health. Escherichia coli is among the major mastitis pathogens responsible for clinical mastitis in cows [1-4]. The infection is initiated by the entry of the bacteria through the teat canal and, after a short incubation period, is characterized by an important inflammatory response and an important influx of neutrophils into the udder [1,5].Initiation of the inflammation is accompanied by the production in milk of several molecules in the early stages of infection such as the neutrophil chemo-attractants CXCL8 and C5a and the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1£¿, IL-6 and TNF¦Á [6,7].A contribution of Mammary Epithelial Cells (MEC) to the production of these different mediators has been suggested by different authors [8-11]. Indeed, the incubation of primary cell cultures of bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells (bMEC) obtained from healthy animals with bacteria, either E. coli or S. aureus, induces a strong response [11-13].Recognition of bacteria by host cells, for example macrophages, dendritic cells or epithelial cells, relies upon so called Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) [14]. Such receptors belong to three different families namely the Toll-like (TLR), NOD-like (NLR) and RIG-1-like (RLR) receptors. Each of these receptors recognizes a set of bacterial motifs or Microbe Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs). For example, TLR4, TLR2 and TLR5 are respectively involved in sensing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (and lipoproteins) and flagellin [14].Homologues of human TLR receptors 1-10 have been identified in bovine and were shown to be expressed at different levels in the skin [15,16]. In the udder, the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and NOD2 has been demonstrated by several laboratories [17,18]. In agreement with the expression of these receptors, infusion of purified bacterial compounds recognized by these PRR lead to an inflammation of the udder mimicki
%U http://www.veterinaryresearch.org/content/43/1/14