%0 Journal Article
%T Effects of HIV-1-induced CD1c and CD1d modulation and endogenous lipid presentation on CD1c-restricted T-cell activation
%A Kelly Halonna
%A Mandraju Rajakumar
%A Coelho-dos-Reis Jordana GA
%A Tsuji Moriya
%J BMC Immunology
%D 2013
%I BioMed Central
%R 10.1186/1471-2172-14-4
%X Background It has been shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection induces the production of endogenous lipids required for effective viral production, and the cluster of differentiation (CD)1 molecule CD1d is downregulated by HIV-1 infection. However, the role of endogenous lipid presentation and the implications of CD1 downregulation by HIV-1 infection have not yet been characterized. Results In this study, we observed downregulation of both CD1c and CD1d expression through a Vpu-dependent and Nef-independent mechanism, and the concomitant HIV-1-induced production of host cholesterol decreased the extent of CD1c and CD1d modulation. While the modest downregulation of CD1c by HIV-1 infection decreased the ability of CD1c-restricted T cells to respond and secrete interferon-¦Ã, the cholesterol upregulation in the same cells by HIV-1 infection appears to limit the downregulation of CD1c. Conclusions The two conflicting HIV-1-mediated changes in CD1c expression appear to minimize the modulation of CD1c expression, thus leading the host to maintain a CD1c-restricted T-cell response against HIV-1.
%K CD1c
%K Phosphatidylcholine
%K Cholesterol
%K T cell
%K HIV-1
%K Vpu
%U http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2172/14/4