%0 Journal Article
%T Current and Emerging Therapeutics for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
%A Annabelle L. Rodd
%A Katherine Ververis
%A Tom C. Karagiannis
%J Lymphoma
%D 2012
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2012/290685
%X Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a term that encompasses a spectrum of non-Hodgkin¡¯s T-cell lymphomas with primary manifestations in the skin. It describes a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are characterised by an accumulation of malignant T cells of the CD4 phenotype that have the propensity to home and accumulate in the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. The two most common variants of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma include mycosis fungoides and the leukemic variant, the S¨¦zary syndrome. While numerous treatments are available for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and have shown to have success in those with patch and plaque lesions, for those patients with tumour stage or lymph node involvement there is a significant decline in response. The relatively new therapeutic option with the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors is being advanced in the hope of decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been shown to induce changes in gene expression, affecting cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The aim of this paper is to discuss CTCL in the context of advances in CTCL treatment, specifically with HDAC inhibitors. 1. Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogenous group of extranodal non-Hodgkin¡¯s T-cell lymphomas derived from T lymphocytes that infiltrate the skin [1, 2]. CTCL is characterised by an accumulation of malignant T cells of the CD4 phenotype that target and persist in the skin, yet have the propensity to home and accumulate in the lymph nodes and peripheral blood as the disease progresses [2¨C6]. The term CTCL was coined in 1974 by Edelson [4, 7] to describe the major classifications of CTCL, including mycosis fungoides (MF) and the leukemic variant the S¨¦zary syndrome (SS). Although a rare condition, in its advanced or transformed stages it is a debilitating and devastating disease, differing dramatically in its clinical and histopathologic presentations and subsequent therapeutic considerations [8]. While a number of therapies are available for the treatment of this disease, generally patients develop progressive disease after becoming treatment intolerant or refractory to multiple therapies. The annual incidence of CTCL is approximately 0.5 per 100,000, having a higher prevalence among men than women (male-to-female ratio of 1.6£¿:£¿1¨C2.0£¿:£¿1) and typically seen in adults with a median age of 55¨C60 years at diagnosis [9, 10]. The exact number of cases is difficult to determine due to the lack of a definitive diagnoses at early stages. This is
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/lymph/2012/290685/