%0 Journal Article
%T Toxins of cyanobacteria and microalgae: a challenge for aquatic ecotoxicology Toxinas de cianobact¨¦rias e microalgas marinhas: um desafio para a ecotoxicologia aqu¨¢tica
%A Manildo Marci£¿o de Oliveira
%A Moacelio Veranio Silva Filho
%A Jayme da Cunha Bastos
%A Maria Helena Campos Baeta Neves
%J Boletim do Observat¨®rio Ambiental Alberto Ribeiro Lamego
%D 2011
%I Essentia Editora
%X The purpose of this review is to draw attention to the growing number of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms in aquatic environments, specially cyanobacteria and marine microalgae. The first group is a producer of major hepatotoxins, neurotoxins and dermatotoxins. Cyanobacteria are responsible for most poisoning events in epicontinental aquatic environments. Eukaryotic microalgae, in marine environments such as diatoms and dinoflagellates, are great producers of a variety of phycotoxins. These syndromes are caused by consumption of contaminated mussels or ciguatera intoxication by consumption of fish (CFP). The current situation demands attention because many events occur and are not notified for important historical studies on seasonal flower blooms. Methodological issues and skilled labor also hinder more precise diagnosis of the blooms. The cooperation between different professionals with different backgrounds as taxonomists, chemists, biologists and environmental engineers is essential for ecotoxicological studies on the risk assessment of these blooms and suggest changes in environmental legislation. O objetivo desta revis o ¨¦ de chamar a aten  o para o crescente n¨²mero de metab¨®litos secund¨¢rios produzidos por microrganismos em ambientes aqu¨¢ticos. Em especial pelas cianobact¨¦rias e pelas microalgas marinhas. O primeiro grupo ¨¦ produtor de toxinas que t¨ºm por alvo o f¨ªgado, os nervos e a pele. As cianobact¨¦rias s o as maiores respons¨¢veis por eventos de intoxica  o em ambientes aqu¨¢ticos epicontinentais. Em ambientes marinhos, microalgas eucariotas como as diatom¨¢ceas e principalmente os dinoflagelados s o produtores de ampla variedade de ficotoxinas. Ficotoxinas s o causadoras de s¨ªndromes ap¨®s consumo de mexilh o contaminado ou intoxica  o ciguat¨¦rica por consumo de peixe (CFP). O quadro atual sinaliza aten  o, pois muitas flora  es ocorrem sem notifica  o, o que impede importantes estudos sobre a hist¨®ria de flora  es sazonais. Aspectos metodol¨®gicos e de m o de obra qualificada tamb¨¦m dificultam diagn¨®sticos mais precisos sobre as flora  es. A coopera  o entre profissionais com distintas forma  es como taxonomistas, qu¨ªmicos, bi¨®logos e engenheiros ambientais ¨¦ a base para estudos ecotoxicol¨®gicos que possam avaliar o risco destas flora  es e sugerir adapta  es na legisla  o ambiental.
%K Toxinas
%K Cianobact¨¦ria
%K Algas nocivas
%U http://www.essentiaeditora.iff.edu.br/index.php/boletim/article/view/938