%0 Journal Article
%T Ports et commerce maritime dans l¡¯Arabie du Sud pr¨¦islamique Ports & Maritime Trade in Pre-Islamic Southern Arabia
%A J¨¦r¨¦mie Schiettecatte
%J Chroniques Y¨¦m¨¦nites
%D 2008
%I 
%X L¡¯Arabie du Sud, au d¨¦but de l¡¯¨¨re chr¨¦tienne, conna t des changements significatifs. Parmi ceux-ci, le d¨¦veloppement du commerce maritime au d¨¦triment de l¡¯ancienne voie caravani¨¨re. Ce changement est souvent d¨¦crit comme brusque et d¨¦bouchant sur une situation p¨¦renne durant les si¨¨cles suivants.Nous avons choisi de reprendre ce dossier en r¨¦unissant, dans un premier temps, l¡¯ensemble des donn¨¦es ¨¦pigraphiques et historiques relatives aux ports pr¨¦islamiques de la mer Rouge et du golfe d¡¯Aden depuis leur fondation jusqu¡¯au viie si¨¨cle. Ces synth¨¨ses nous permettent de d¨¦crire, dans un second temps, l¡¯¨¦volution de l¡¯¨¦conomie maritime au cours des premiers si¨¨cles de l¡¯¨¨re chr¨¦tienne, la nature des espaces d¡¯¨¦changes et le r le du pouvoir politique dans le contr le de cette nouvelle ¨¦conomie.Ceci nous am¨¨ne ¨¤ conclure que le commerce maritime ne se d¨¦veloppe pas aussi brusquement qu¡¯il n¡¯y para t : la mise en place des r¨¦seaux et des ports majeurs s¡¯¨¦tale sur plusieurs si¨¨cles. Ce commerce ne fut le moteur ¨¦conomique des royaumes sudarabiques qu¡¯au cours d¡¯une p¨¦riode limit¨¦e, du milieu du ier si¨¨cle au d¨¦but du iiie si¨¨cle. Les ports connurent ensuite une activit¨¦ irr¨¦guli¨¨re, conditionn¨¦e par l¡¯¨¦volution politique et ¨¦conomique des royaumes sudarabiques, des pays voisins et du bassin m¨¦diterran¨¦en. By the dawn of the Christian era, Southern Arabia is undergoing major changes; among these, the expansion of maritime trade at the expense of the old caravan route.  This change is often described as something sudden, leading to a more perennial situation the ensuing centuries.We have chosen to take a new look at this case by first gathering all the epigraphic and historic data having to do with pre-Islamic ports in the Red Sea and the Aden Gulf, from when they were first founded 'till the 7th century.  This global outline then has then allowed us to describe the evolution of the maritime economy all along the first centuries of the Christian era, the nature of the trading places and the part political power plays in overseeing this new economy.This leads us to conclude that maritime didn't develop quite as quickly as was thought: the setting up of networks and main ports took place over several centuries.  This trade was only ever the economic locomotive for Southern Arabic kingdoms for a limited amount of time, from the mid-1st century to the early 3rd century.  After which, ports went through a rough patch, as a result of the political and economic evolutions of Southern Arabic kingdoms, their neighboring countries and the Mediterranean sea.
%K ¨¦pigraphie
%K r¨¦seaux
%K arch¨¦ologie
%K Saba¡¯
%K ports
%K commerce maritime
%K histoire maritime
%K al-Hamdan
%K /Himyar
%K Axoum
%K Empire romain
%K Arabie du Sud
%K Antiquit¨¦
%K p¨¦riode pr¨¦islamique
%U http://cy.revues.org/1671