%0 Journal Article
%T The generation and properties of human M2-like macrophages: potential candidates for CNS repair?
%A Elena R. Chernykh
%A Ekaterina Ya. Shevela
%A Ludmila V. Sakhno
%A Marina A. Tikhonova
%J Cellular Therapy and Transplantation
%D 2010
%I 
%X Regulation of the immune response seems to be a promising strategy for a successful central nervous system (CNS) repair, and macrophages are considered to be prospective candidates for cell therapy. Using low serum conditions we generated human anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages from peripheral blood monocytes and compared these cells (termed M¦Õ3) with ¡°standard¡± pro-inflammatory M¦Õ1 and anti-inflammatory M¦Õ2, generated in the presence of GM-CSF and M-CSF. We focused primarily on the differences in T-cell stimulatory activity and production of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Low serum conditions had no negative impact on macrophage yield, the largest of which was for M¦Õ3. We showed that M¦Õ3 more closely resembled M¦Õ2 than M¦Õ1. M¦Õ2 and particularly M¦Õ3, but not M¦Õ1 expressed relatively low levels of CD86 and failed to stimulate T-cell proliferation. In contrast to pro-inflammatory M¦Õ1, unstimulated M¦Õ3 produced significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1¦Â, TNF-¦Á, IL-6, IL-18, IL-12) and Th1/Th2-cytokines (IFN-¦Ã, IL-2, IL-4) coupled with a higher IL-10 level. Moreover, concentrations of IL-1¦Â and pro-inflammatory chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 in M¦Õ-3 supernatants were lower not only when compared to M¦Õ1, but also to M¦Õ2 cultures. Like M¦Õ1 and M¦Õ2, M¦Õ3 was capable of producing neurotrophic- (BDNF, IGF-1), angiogenic- (VEGF), and other growth factors (EPO, G-CSF, FGF-basic, EGF) with neuroprotective and regenerative activity. In fact, IGF-1 production by M¦Õ-3 exceeds secretion of this factor by M¦Õ-1 and M¦Õ-2 by more than 25 fold. Thus, generated M¦Õ-3 represented M2-like macrophages with high regenerative potential.
%K macrophage polarization
%K cytokines
%K chemokines
%K growth factors
%K CNS repair
%U http://www.ctt-journal.com/2-6-en-chernyk-et-al-2010dec21.html