%0 Journal Article
%T Production and Partial Purification of Alpha Amylase from Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121) Using Solid State Fermentation
%A Dibyangana Raul
%A Tania Biswas
%A Suchita Mukhopadhyay
%A Shrayan Kumar Das
%A Suvroma Gupta
%J Biochemistry Research International
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/568141
%X Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugars and plays a pivotal role in a variety of areas like use as digestives, for the production of ethanol and high fructose corn syrup, detergents, desiring of textiles, modified starches, hydrolysis of oil-field drilling fluids, and paper recycling. In the present work, solid state fermentation (SSF) for ¦Á-amylase production has been used in lieu of submerged fermentation (SmF) due to its simple technique, low capital investment, lower levels of catabolite repression, and better product recovery. Bacillus subtilis has been well known as producer of alpha amylase and was tested using solid state fermentation for 48 hours at 37ˇăC with wheat bran as substrate. Comparison between different fermentation hours demonstrated high yield of alpha amylase after 48 hours. This alpha amylase has optimum pH and temperature at 7.1 and 40ˇăC, respectively. With the goal to purify alpha amylase, 30¨C70% (NH4)2SO4 cut concentrated the amylase activity threefold with respect to crude fermented extract. This was verified in quantitative DNS assay method as well as in zymogram gel profile. The exact molecular weight of the amylase is yet to be determined with the aid of other protein purification techniques. 1. Introduction Amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars. ¦Á-Amylase can breakdown long-chain carbohydrates, ultimately yielding maltose from amylose, or maltose, glucose, and ˇ°limit dextrinˇ± from amylopectin. Amylases are produced by a wide spectrum of organisms, although each source produces biochemical phenotypes that significantly differ in parameters like pH and temperature optima as well as metal ion requirements [1]. Till date, two major classes of amylases have been identified in microorganisms, namely, ¦Á-amylase and glucoamylase. ¦Á-Amylases (endo-1,4-a-D-glucan glucohydrolase) are extracellular enzymes that randomly cleave the 1,4-a-D-glucosidic linkages between adjacent glucose units in the linear amylase chain. Glucoamylase (exo-1,4-a-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) hydrolyzes single glucose units from the nonreducing ends of amylose and amylopectin in a stepwise manner [1, 2]. These are calcium metalloenzymes, which are completely unable to function in the absence of calcium. Calcium stabilizes the interface between the central A domain (291 residues) with (¦Â/¦Á)8 barrel structure and the more variable B domain (104 to 206 residues) [3¨C7]. Because of its multifarious application amylase attracts attention of researchers since decades after its first isolation and identification in the
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bri/2014/568141/