%0 Journal Article
%T Stresses and Disability in Depression across Gender
%A Sharmishtha S. Deshpande
%A Bhalchandra Kalmegh
%A Poonam N. Patil
%A Madhav R. Ghate
%A Sanjeev Sarmukaddam
%A Vasudeo P. Paralikar
%J Depression Research and Treatment
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/735307
%X Depression, though generally episodic, results in lasting disability, distress, and burden. Rising prevalence of depression and suicide in the context of epidemiological transition demands more attention to social dimensions like gender related stresses, dysfunction, and their role in outcome of depression. Cross-sectional and follow-up assessment of men and women with depression at a psychiatric tertiary centre was undertaken to compare their illness characteristics including suicidal ideation, stresses, and functioning on GAF, SOFAS, and GARF scales ( ). We reassessed the patients on HDRS-17 after 6 weeks of treatment. Paired t-test and chi-square test of significance were used to compare the two groups, both before and after treatment. Interpersonal and marital stresses were reported more commonly by women ( ) and financial stresses by men ( ) though relational functioning was equally impaired in both. Women had suffered stresses for significantly longer duration ( ). Men had more impairment in social and occupational functioning compared to females ( ). History of suicide attempts was significantly associated with more severe depression and lower levels of functioning in case of females with untreated depression. Significant cross-gender differences in stresses, their duration, and types of dysfunction mandate focusing on these aspects over and above the criterion-based diagnosis. 1. Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and treatable psychiatric disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Complex interplay between mind, body, society, and culture has been implicated in the incompletely understood pathophysiology of depression [1]. Antecedent stresses and resulting disabilities interact with each other to worsen the depression, which in itself becomes additional stress. Patients¡¯ reports of stresses and adjustment problems frequently do not get due importance in understanding and managing depression, which may explain partial or delayed treatment response and frequent relapses. Very few differences in the course of depression have been detected across gender. Factors like time taken for recovery, time for first occurrence, and number and severity of recurrences did not differ [2]. Background social contexts and support systems are important for understanding the contributing determinants of disease and for planning of treatment [3]. Depression has been identified as significant cause of morbidity and mortality [4]. Ferreira et al. (2013) [5] showed how rural India may be topping the list for depression and disability following
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/drt/2014/735307/