%0 Journal Article
%T Promoter Methylation of SFRP3 Is Frequent in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
%A Ya-Wen Lin
%A Yu-Lueng Shih
%A Gi-Shih Lien
%A Fat-Moon Suk
%A Chung-Bao Hsieh
%A Ming-De Yan
%J Disease Markers
%D 2014
%R 10.1155/2014/351863
%X Oncogenic activation of the Wnt/¦Â-catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. The secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) function as negative regulators of Wnt signaling and have important implications in carcinogenesis. Because there have been no reports about the role of SFRP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigated the level of methylation and transcription of SFRP3. Four HCC cell lines, 60 HCCs, 23 cirrhosis livers, 37 chronic hepatitis livers, and 30 control livers were prescreened for SFRP3 promoter methylation by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing. SFRP3 promoter methylation was observed in 100%, 60%, 39.1%, 16.2%, and 0% in HCC cell lines, primary HCCs, cirrhosis livers, chronic hepatitis livers, and control livers, respectively. Demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2¡ä-deoxycytidine in HCC cells restored or increased the SFRP3 mRNA expression. We next used quantitative MS-PCR (QMSP) to analyze the methylation level of SFRP3 in 60 HCCs and their corresponding nontumor tissues. Methylation of SFRP3 promoter region in HCCs increased significantly compared with control tissues. There is a positive correlation between promoter hypermethylation and SFRP3 mRNA downregulation. Our data suggest that promoter hypermethylation of SFRP3 is a common event in HCCs and plays an important role in regulation of SFRP3 mRNA expression. 1. Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary malignancy of the liver and accounts for as many as 1 million deaths annually worldwide [1¨C5]. The major risk factors include chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, environmental carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), alcoholic cirrhosis, and inherited genetic disorder such as hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, and tyrosinemia. Among them, HBV, HCV, and AFB1 are responsible for approximately 80% of all HCC [1, 2]. Research on molecular genetics and pathogenesis of HCC has become a hot spot in cancer study because of its scientific merits and its clinical importance. Despite rapid expansion of information obtained from these researchers, the molecular mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis and molecular genetics of HCC remain elusive. The Wnt/¦Â-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in liver physiology and pathology by regulating a variety of crucial cellular events, including differentiation, proliferation, and survival [6¨C8]. The Wnt/¦Â-catenin pathway can be activated through mutations in CTNNB1 (encoding ¦Â-catenin), AXIN1, and AXIN2 [6,
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/dm/2014/351863/