%0 Journal Article
%T A Review on the Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
%A Alexander MacDonald Wood
%A Timothy M. Brock
%A Kieran Heil
%A Rachel Holmes
%A Axel Weusten
%J International Journal of Chronic Diseases
%D 2013
%R 10.1155/2013/845015
%X Arthritis is the most common chronic condition affecting patients over the age of 70. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increases with age, and with an aging population, the effect of this disease will represent an ever-increasing burden on health care. The knee is the most common joint affected in osteoarthritis, with up to 41% of limb arthritis being located in the knee, compared to 30% in hands and 19% in hips. We review the current concepts with regard to the disease process and risk factors for developing hip and knee osteoarthritis. We then explore the nonsurgical management of osteoarthritis as well as the operative management of hip and knee arthritis. We discuss the indications for surgical treatment of hip and knee arthritis, looking in particular at the controversies affecting young and obese patients in both hip and knee replacements. Patient and implant related outcomes along with survivorships are addressed as well as the experiences and controversies described in national joint registries. 1. Introduction Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic condition affecting patients over the age of 70 [1]. It is estimated that in adults over the age of 30, up to 6% of adults are symptomatic of knee arthritis and around 3% are symptomatic of hip arthritis [2, 3]. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increases with age, and with an aging population [4], the effect of this disease will represent an ever-increasing burden on health care. Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee is the most common cause of difficulty in walking [5]. It has a huge impact on the economy, with absence from work and early retirement exceeding 2% of the gross domestic product [6]. It is estimated that over 1 million total hip replacements are performed worldwide each year [7], and in the United States alone it is predicted that between 1995 and 2020 an additional 19 million people a year will be affected by arthritis [8]. We provide a comprehensive review of osteoarthritis in the hip and knee joints, including the disease process, risk factors, treatment options, and outcomes. This is based on a review of the literature using PubMed, Embase, and Medscape websites. Key searches used were hip and/or knee osteoarthritis. Searches were then substratified by pathophysiology, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes, using the most robust data available in each case. 2. The Disease Process Osteoarthritis is an age related disorder, which can either be defined by the symptoms or pathology. It is characterised by damage to hyaline articular cartilage. It involves the whole joint and has
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijcd/2013/845015/