%0 Journal Article
%T Gastrointestinal Bacterial and Methanogenic Archaea Diversity Dynamics Associated with Condensed Tannin-Containing Pine Bark Diet in Goats Using 16S rDNA Amplicon Pyrosequencing
%A Byeng R. Min
%A Sandra Solaiman
%A Raymon Shange
%A Jong-Su Eun
%J International Journal of Microbiology
%D 2014
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2014/141909
%X Eighteen Kiko-cross meat goats ( ) were used to collect gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria and methanogenic archaea for diversity measures when fed condensed tannin-containing pine bark (PB). Three dietary treatments were tested: control diet (0% PB and 30% wheat straw (WS); 0.17% condensed tannins (CT) dry matter (DM)); 15% PB and 15% WS (1.6% CT DM), and 30% PB and 0% WS (3.2% CT DM). A 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing technique was used to characterize and elucidate changes in GI bacteria and methanogenic archaea diversity among the diets. Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in goats with mean relative abundance values ranging from 39.7 (30% PB) to 46.5% (control) and 47.1% (15% PB). Other phyla individually accounted for fewer than 25% of the relative abundance observed. Predominant methanogens were Methanobrevibacter (75, 72, and 49%), Methanosphaera (3.3, 2.3, and 3.4%), and Methanobacteriaceae (1.2, 0.6, and 0.7%) population in control, 15, and 30% PB, respectively. Among methanogens, Methanobrevibacter was linearly decreased ( ) with increasing PB supplementation. These results indicate that feeding PB selectively altered bacteria and methanogenic archaeal populations in the GI tract of goats. 1. Introduction Studies on gastrointestinal (GI) microorganisms have traditionally depended on the use of anaerobic cultivation techniques [1] which only can detect an estimated 11% of the total bacterial populations present in the rumen [2]. Molecular methodologies developed over the past decade now enable researchers to examine the diversity of the gut microflora independent of cultural methods. Bacterial diversities within the GI tract of humans [3, 4] and rumen of beef cattle [5, 6] have been investigated in recent years as a result of development of 16S rDNA-based analysis, yet similar data on the microbiomes of bacteria and methanogenic archaea diversity in the lower GI tract of meat goats are limited. In addition, there is no clear information on the prevalence of methanogenic and microbial populations in the hindgut of animals other than human and swine. Plant tannins (condensed (CT) and hydrolysable tannins) are polyphenolic compounds of relatively high molecular weight with the capacity to form complexes mainly with proteins due to the presence of a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups [7]. They are ubiquitously spread in nutritionally important forage trees, shrubs, legumes, cereals, and tree barks. The effects of tannins on ruminant production have been extensively published in the past, and among them
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmicro/2014/141909/