%0 Journal Article
%T Comparison of Respiratory Resistance Measurements Made with an Airflow Perturbation Device with Those from Impulse Oscillometry
%A J. Pan
%A A. Saltos
%A D. Smith
%A A. Johnson
%A J. Vossoughi
%J Journal of Medical Engineering
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/165782
%X The airflow perturbation device (APD) has been developed as a portable, easy to use, and a rapid response instrument for measuring respiratory resistance in humans. However, the APD has limited data validating it against the established techniques. This study used a mechanical system to simulate the normal range of human breathing to validate the APD with the clinically accepted impulse oscillometry (IOS) technique. The validation system consisted of a sinusoidal flow generator with ten standardized resistance configurations that were shown to represent a total range of resistances from 0.12 to 0.95£¿kPa¡¤L£¿1¡¤s (1.2¨C9.7£¿cm H2O¡¤L£¿1¡¤s). Impulse oscillometry measurements and APD measurements of the mechanical system were recorded and compared at a constant airflow of 0.15£¿L¡¤s£¿1. Both the IOS and APD measurments were accurate in assessing nominal resistance. In addition, a strong linear relationship was observed between APD measurements and IOS measurements (R2£¿=£¿0.999). A second series of measurements was made on ten human volunteers with external resistors added in their respiratory flow paths. Once calibrated with the mechanical system, the APD gave respiratory resistance measurements within 5% of IOS measurements. Because of their comparability to IOS measurements, APD measurements are shown to be valid representations of respiratory resistance. 1. Introduction 1.1. Respiratory Resistance Respiratory resistance is proportional to the total opposition to breathing caused by frictional forces in the airway passages. At any given time, respiratory resistance is equal to the ratio of respiratory pressure to airflow, given by where is respiratory resistance, is the respiratory pressure gradient, and is airflow [1, 2]. Increases in respiratory resistance are symptomatic of a number of restrictive and obstructive pulmonary conditions including COPD [3], asthma [4], and bronchiolitis [5]. Useful feedback during administration of endotracheal tubes [6], anesthesia [7], bronchodilator medications [8], and mechanical ventilation [1] can also be given by respiratory resistance measurements. 1.2. Measurement Methods Respiratory resistance is composed of resistances of airways, lung tissue, and chest wall components. Spirometry, specifically peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), has traditionally been the bedside measurement of choice for diagnosing increased resistance. However, spirometric tests do not directly measure respiratory resistances, are dependent on effort and lung volume, and require complete subject cooperation [9,
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jme/2013/165782/