%0 Journal Article
%T Release Kinetics and Antibacterial Efficacy of Microporous -TCP Coatings
%A Michael Seidenstuecker
%A Yahya Mrestani
%A Reinhard H. H. Neubert
%A Anke Bernstein
%A Hermann O. Mayr
%J Journal of Nanomaterials
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/842951
%X Purpose. The aim of this study was to impregnate microporous ¦Â-TCP scaffolds with different antibiotic solutions and to determine their release behavior. Materials and Methods. We impregnated a ¦Â-TCP scaffold with antibiotics by using three methods: drop, dip, and stream coating with 120£¿mg/mL of antibiotic solution. After drying for 72£¿h at 37¡ãC, 2 mL of distilled water was added to the antibiotic-coated plugs and incubated at 37¡ãC. After defined time points (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 14 days), the liquid was completely replaced. The extracted liquid was analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis and the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion test. For statistical analysis, we calculated a mean and standard deviation and carried out an analysis of variance using ANOVA. Results. The VAN and CLI release from the ¦Â-TCP scaffolds was rapid, occurring within 24£¿h with 89 ¡À 0.8% VAN and 90.4 ¡À 1.5% CLI regardless of the type of insulation. After six days, the VAN and CLI were completely released. All samples taken at later time points had a VAN or CLI concentration below the detection limit of 4£¿¦Ìg/mL. The released amounts of VAN and CLI within the first three days revealed antimicrobial activity. 1. Introduction Osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics are suitable materials for delivery systems [1¨C5]. This applies in particular to the release of drugs to prevent bone infection. Local drug delivery is especially valuable in association with bone infection since it spares patients the adverse effects of systematically administrated drugs, reduces the risks from resistant bacteria, and enables a high concentration of medication at the infection site [6]. A variety of materials have been used as carriers for the local delivery of antibiotics. These materials are classified as biodegradable or nondegradable. The most commonly used of the non-degradable material is PMMA, which is often impregnated with antibiotics such as gentamycin, clindamycin, or vancomycin. PMMA is not only used as a bone cement or with an antibiotic offset bone cement like PALACOS R+G, but also as antibiotic-impregnated PMMA beads such as SEPTOPAL chains which have been on the market for the last two decades. The major drawback associated with PMMA beads is that they must be surgically removed after exposure to antibiotic release, which usually takes place four weeks after their implantation [7]. The use of biodegradable materials could therefore be advantageous to eliminate the need for a second operation. The most widely used biodegradable materials are polyglycolide and polylactide (PLGA/PLLA). PLGA and
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2013/842951/