%0 Journal Article
%T Clinical Spectrum of Propionic Acidaemia
%A Muhammad Rafique
%J Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/975964
%X Objectives. To evaluate the clinical features, physical findings, diagnosis, and laboratory parameters of the patients with propionic acidaemia (PA). Methods. The records of diagnosed cases of propionic acidaemia were reviewed, retrospectively. Results. Twenty-six patients with PA had 133 admissions. The majority (85%) of the patients exhibited clinical manifestations in the 1st week of life. Regarding clinical features, lethargy, fever, poor feeding, vomiting, dehydration, muscular hypotonia, respiratory symptoms, encephalopathy, disturbance of tone and reflexes, and malnutrition were observed in 51¨C92% admissions. Metabolic crises, respiratory diseases, hyperammonaemia, metabolic acidosis, hypoalbuminaemia, and hypocalcaemia were observed in 30¨C96% admissions. Pancytopenia, ketonuria, hypoproteinemia, hypoglycaemia, and mildly disturbed liver enzymes were found in 12¨C41% admissions. Generalised brain oedema was detected in 17% and cerebral atrophy in 25% admissions. Gender-wise odd ratio analysis showed value of 1.9 for lethargy, 1.99 for respiratory diseases, 0.55 for anaemia, and 1.82 for hypocalcaemia. Conclusion. Propionic acidaemia usually presents with wide spectrum of clinical features and disturbances of laboratory parameters in early neonatal age. It is associated with significant complications which deteriorate the patientsĄŻ quality of life. Perhaps with early diagnosis of the disease and in time intervention, these may be preventable. 1. Introduction Propionic acidaemia (PA) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disease. About 80% are early onset cases (who are diagnosed within three months of age) which classically present in the neonatal period with lethargy, vomiting, refusal to feed, hypotonia, and less frequently with dehydration and seizures [1, 2]. Some patients show milder symptoms and long survival rate, associated with chronic late onset form [3]. In the individuals with PA, serious health problems can be triggered by prolonged fasting, fever or infections, and high protein diet leading to accumulation of toxic substances [2]. Hyperammonaemia is the most common presentation found in 88%, patients [2]. The disease is also characterized by repeated episodes of metabolic acidosis, occasionally seizures, coma, and cerebellar haemorrhages [4]. Hypoglycaemia is a commonly described finding during metabolic decompensations but rarely hyperglycaemia and decreased bone density have also been reported [5]. Commonly observed viral infection and bone marrow suppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in patients with PA might be
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2013/975964/