%0 Journal Article
%T Synthesis, Structural, and Electrical Properties of Pure PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Ceramics
%A Vijendra A. Chaudhari
%A Govind K. Bichile
%J Smart Materials Research
%D 2013
%I Hindawi Publishing Corporation
%R 10.1155/2013/147524
%X Single-phase polycrystalline samples of lead titanate with perovskite structure have been synthesized using solid-state reaction technique. The processing parameters have been optimized to obtain phase pure, dense, crack-free, and homogeneous samples. The sintering behavior of PT-powders has been investigated using X-ray diffraction patterns. The X-ray powder diffraction data have been analyzed to confirm the phase formation and phase purity, to obtain unit cell parameters and unit cell volume. The porosity of the samples has been obtained through X-ray density and bulk density. The average particle sizes of the phase pure samples were obtained from the X-ray peak width using Scherrer¡¯s formula. The influence of sintering temperature and time on the microstructure of samples has also been studied by carrying out SEM investigations. The notable feature of this microstructure study shows that the samples sintered at 900¡ãC for 12 hours possess a fairly uniform grain distribution. The electrical behavior (complex impedance Z*, complex permittivity ¦Å*, etc.) of the samples sintered at 900¡ãC for 12 hours has been studied by complex impedance spectroscopy. The temperature variation of real permittivity gives evidence of the ferroelectric phase transition as well as of the relaxation behavior. 1. Introduction Crystals of the perovskitefamily, such as PbTiO3, BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and, have been of constant interest because some ofthese materials show ferroelectric behavior and undergo structural phase transitions [1]. PbTiO3 has been considered to be one of the most important members of this family. It has a high Curie temperature, high pyroelectric coefficient, low dielectric constant, and high spontaneous polarization [2]. Lead titanate (PbTiO3, PT) is a ferroelectric ceramic that has not been proved to be a technologically important material by itself but is a significant component material in electronics such as capacitors, ultrasonic transducers, thermistors, and optoelectronics [3¨C7]. It is also a promising material for pyroelectric infrared detector applications because of its large pyroelectric coefficient and relatively low permittivity [8, 9]. PbTiO3 (PT) has also been extensively used in a range of piezoelectric applications, as well as being the end member of technologically significant ferroelectric perovskite series such as PbZr(x)Ti(1£¿x)O3 (PZT), Pb(x)Ca(1£¿x)TiO3, Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-(x) PbTiO3 (PZN-PT), and Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-(x) PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and so forth. At ambient temperature, the material has a strong anisotropy which develops during cooling
%U http://www.hindawi.com/journals/smr/2013/147524/