%0 Journal Article
%T Room Temperature Ferromagnetic Mn:Ge(001)
%A George Adrian Lungu
%A Laura Elena Stoflea
%A Liviu Cristian Tanase
%A Ioana Cristina Bucur
%A Nicoleta R£¿du£¿oiu
%A Florin Vasiliu
%A Ionel Mercioniu
%A Victor Kuncser
%A Cristian-Mihail Teodorescu
%J Materials
%D 2014
%I MDPI AG
%R 10.3390/ma7010106
%X We report the synthesis of a room temperature ferromagnetic Mn-Ge system obtained by simple deposition of manganese on Ge(001), heated at relatively high temperature (starting with 250 ¡ãC). The samples were characterized by low energy electron diffraction (LEED), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). Samples deposited at relatively elevated temperature (350 ¡ãC) exhibited the formation of ~5¨C8 nm diameter Mn 5Ge 3 and Mn 11Ge 8 agglomerates by HRTEM, while XPS identified at least two Mn-containing phases: the agglomerates, together with a Ge-rich MnGe ~2.5 phase, or manganese diluted into the Ge(001) crystal. LEED revealed the persistence of long range order after a relatively high amount of Mn (100 nm) deposited on the single crystal substrate. STM probed the existence of dimer rows on the surface, slightly elongated as compared with Ge¨CGe dimers on Ge(001). The films exhibited a clear ferromagnetism at room temperature, opening the possibility of forming a magnetic phase behind a nearly ideally terminated Ge surface, which could find applications in integration of magnetic functionalities on semiconductor bases. SQUID probed the co-existence of a superparamagnetic phase, with one phase which may be attributed to a diluted magnetic semiconductor. The hypothesis that the room temperature ferromagnetic phase might be the one with manganese diluted into the Ge crystal is formulated and discussed.
%K molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
%K Mn-Ge ferromagnetism
%K low energy electron diffraction (LEED)
%K scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
%K high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
%K X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
%K magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE)
%K superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry
%K diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS)
%U http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/7/1/106